RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF IMPLANT USAGE IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DENTAL ARCH DEFECTS

Abstract

Dental implantation is one of the leading methods for restoring dentition. One of the factors influencing the effectiveness of treatment is the presence of concomitant chronic conditions, particularly bone deficiency disorders. The assessment of bone mineral density prior to implantation, especially in older patients, can significantly improve the success rate of dental implant procedures and minimize the risk of complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of orthopedic treatment in patients with dental arch defects using dental implants. A retrospective analysis was conducted based on medical documentation from 1,795 patients with dental arch defects of various localization. The analysis revealed that the largest group of patients seeking treatment were aged between 41 and 60, with women outnumbering men in an approximate 3:2 ratio. This may be due to higher aesthetic expectations and lower acceptance of removable prostheses among women. Of the 1,795 patients, only 71.48% underwent surgery, which reflects stringent selection criteria and underscores the importance of thorough clinical evaluation for successful implantation outcomes. Analysis of tooth loss duration showed that in more than 75% of cases, defects had been present for over three years, complicating the implantation process due to the development of bone defects. Only 26.66% of patients were found to have satisfactory alveolar ridge conditions that allowed for the placement of standard screw-type implants without additional surgical intervention. The majority of other cases required the use of modified implants or osteoplastic procedures with autogenous bone grafts. According to the retrospective data, specific diagnostics for low bone mineral density were rarely conducted in patients requiring implant-based orthopedic treatment. When such pathology was identified, surgeons were often forced to deny surgery due to the high risk of complications. Therefore, the dental implantation process necessitates the development and implementation of an improved diagnostic system for assessing the condition of the jawbone, particularly in patients with osteopenia. This would help minimize postoperative complications and enable appropriate pharmacotherapy during the preand postoperative periods. Prospects for further research include the investigation of the structural and functional condition of the jaws to develop more effective therapeutic approaches to dental implantation.

Keywords

• adentia
• implantation
• bone tissue
• diagnostics
• osteopenia