Simultaneous representation of multiple time horizons by entorhinal grid cells and CA1 place cells
Prannoy Chaudhuri-Vayalambrone,
Michael Everett Rule,
Marius Bauza,
Marino Krstulovic,
Pauline Kerekes,
Stephen Burton,
Timothy O’Leary,
Julija Krupic
Affiliations
Prannoy Chaudhuri-Vayalambrone
Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
Michael Everett Rule
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
Marius Bauza
Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University College London, London W1T4JG, UK; Cambridge Phenotyping Limited, London NW1 9ND, UK
Marino Krstulovic
Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
Pauline Kerekes
Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
Stephen Burton
Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University College London, London W1T4JG, UK
Timothy O’Leary
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
Julija Krupic
Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Cambridge Phenotyping Limited, London NW1 9ND, UK; Corresponding author
Summary: Grid cells and place cells represent the spatiotemporal continuum of an animal’s past, present, and future locations. However, their spatiotemporal relationship is unclear. Here, we co-record grid and place cells in freely foraging rats. We show that average time shifts in grid cells tend to be prospective and are proportional to their spatial scale, providing a nearly instantaneous readout of a spectrum of progressively increasing time horizons ranging hundreds of milliseconds. Average time shifts of place cells are generally larger compared to grid cells and also increase with place field sizes. Moreover, time horizons display nonlinear modulation by the animal’s trajectories in relation to the local boundaries and locomotion cues. Finally, long and short time horizons occur at different parts of the theta cycle, which may facilitate their readout. Together, these findings suggest that population activity of grid and place cells may represent local trajectories essential for goal-directed navigation and planning.
