Risk Factors Associated with Mortality among Patients with Acute Head Trauma

Abstract

Introduction: Cranioencephalic trauma corresponds to changes and alterations suffered by the brain, its meningeal envelopes, the cranial vault, or the epicranial soft tissues due to the action of damaging physical agents.Objective: To identify modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors that determine mortality in the immediate postoperative period among patients with acute head trauma.Methods: A prospective and longitudinal descriptive study was carried out with a sample of 38 patients who received surgery for head trauma, treated at Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital, from 2016 to 2019. We worked with the following variables: age, sex, physical state, classification of cranioencephalic trauma, immediate complications, and mortality in the immediate postoperative period.Results: Surgical head trauma was frequent among young male patients who were evaluated as ASA-III. Patients with mild trauma, according to the Glasgow scale, predominated. Despite not having a significant association with mortality, cerebral edema, hyperglycemia and hypothermia were the most frequently found complications.Conclusions: Surgical head trauma was more frequent among young patients. Despite the complications presented, most of them left the emergency service alive.

Keywords

• traumatismo craneoencefálico
• tratamiento quirúrgico
• complicaciones
• escala de coma de glasgow