Recent advancements in the targeted delivery of Gemcitabine: Harnessing nanomedicine for enhanced cancer therapy
Mehrab Pourmadadi,
Ali Aslani,
Dilawar Hassan,
Ayesha Sani,
Abbas Rahdar,
Dora I． Medina,
Majid Abdouss,
Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
Affiliations
Mehrab Pourmadadi
Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Ali Aslani
Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Dilawar Hassan
Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Atizapan de Zaragoza, Estado de Mexico 52926, Mexico
Ayesha Sani
Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Atizapan de Zaragoza, Estado de Mexico 52926, Mexico
Abbas Rahdar
Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol 538-98615, Iran; Corresponding authors.
Dora I． Medina
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Corresponding authors.
Majid Abdouss
Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding authors.
Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju-Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju-Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil; Corresponding authors.
Gemcitabine (GEM) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used for treating pancreatic cancer and other cancers. Despite its efficacy, GEM is associated with adverse side effects and tumor resistance, hampering its therapeutic outcomes. To address these challenges, innovative strategies have emerged to enhance GEM delivery. This comprehensive review explores various distribution systems, including polymer-based platforms, liposomes, and inorganic nanoparticles, highlighting their unique characteristics for improving GEM efficacy in cancer treatment. Additionally, we discuss the promising approach of codelivery with genes and present several methods for augmenting GEM's chemotherapeutic properties. Our findings shed light on novel insights and provide recommendations for overcoming the limitations associated with GEM, guiding researchers and clinicians toward more effective cancer therapies.
