Prevalence of Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy in A Tertiary Care Centre

Abstract

Introduction: Among patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy, prevalence of Minimal HE varies between 30-50%. Identifying patients with MHE has been shown to improve with medications and delay development of Overt HE, however only limited clinicians screen for MHE in patients due to time consuming neuropsychological and neurophysiological tests. The Number Connection Test is an easy way to evaluate patients to diagnose MHE. The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of covert hepatic encephalopathy. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was done to find out the prevalence of covert hepatic encephalopathy among patients with chronic liver disease. To diagnose Covert HE which included MHE as well, NCT was used in Devanagari script. Results: The prevalence of covert hepatic encephalopathy is found to be 56 (58.3%) at 90% confidence interval (58.23-58.37%). A total of 96 patients (71.9% male) were diagnosed as HE, with mean age of 49.6+11.8 years. The cause of CLD in 85 (88.5%) of these patients was alcohol, of which 76 (79.2%) consumed locally brewed alcohol. Of these 96 patients with HE, only 40 (41.7%) had overt HE. Among all these, maximum patients had MHE (37.5%). Conclusions: Our study showed that although the prevalence of minimal HE is quite high among cirrhotics, they are usually missed in clinical practice due to absence of symptoms. Active screening with easy-to-administer tests, like Number Connection tests, can help identify patients with minimal HE and hence treat them early.

Keywords

• chronic liver disease; covert hepatic encephalopathy; minimal hepatic encephalopathy; number connection test; overt hepatic encephalopathy.