Sparse Data Recommendation by Fusing Continuous Imputation Denoising Autoencoder and Neural Matrix Factorization

Abstract

In recent years, although deep neural networks have yielded immense success in solving various recognition and classification problems, the exploration of deep neural networks in recommender systems has received relatively less attention. Meanwhile, the inherent sparsity of data is still a challenging problem for deep neural networks. In this paper, firstly, we propose a new CIDAE (Continuous Imputation Denoising Autoencoder) model based on the Denoising Autoencoder to alleviate the problem of data sparsity. CIDAE performs regular continuous imputation on the missing parts of the original data and trains the imputed data as the desired output. Then, we optimize the existing advanced NeuMF (Neural Matrix Factorization) model, which combines matrix factorization and a multi-layer perceptron. By optimizing the training process of NeuMF, we improve the accuracy and robustness of NeuMF. Finally, this paper fuses CIDAE and optimized NeuMF with reference to the idea of ensemble learning. We name the fused model the I-NMF (Imputation-Neural Matrix Factorization) model. I-NMF can not only alleviate the problem of data sparsity, but also fully exploit the ability of deep neural networks to learn potential features. Our experimental results prove that I-NMF performs better than the state-of-the-art methods for the public MovieLens datasets.

Keywords

• recommender systems
• denoising autoencoder
• deep neural networks
• data imputation
• matrix factorization
• implicit feedback