Indian Journal of Ophthalmology (Jan 2013)
Changing trends in the prevalence of visual impairment, uncorrected refractive errors and use of spectacles in Mahbubnagar district in South India
- Srinivas Marmamula,
- Jill E Keeffe,
- Saggam Narsaiah,
- Rohit C Khanna,
- Gullapalli N Rao
Affiliations
- Srinivas Marmamula
- Jill E Keeffe
- Saggam Narsaiah
- Rohit C Khanna
- Gullapalli N Rao
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.121149
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 61,
no. 12
pp. 755 – 758
Abstract
Background/Aim: The Andhra Pradesh Eye disease Study (APEDS) was a conventional cross-sectional study conducted in four locations during 1996-2000. Ten years later, a Rapid Assessment of Refractive Errors (RARE) survey was conducted in one of the geographical regions. The prevalence of visual impairment (VI), uncorrected refractive error (URE), spectacles use obtained from both the surveys was compared. Settings and Design: Rural settings; cross-sectional studies. Materials and Methods: In both the surveys, distance visual acuity (VA) was assessed using a logMAR chart. Pinhole VA was assessed if presenting VA was <20/20 in APEDS and <20/40 in RARE. VI was defined as presenting VA <20/40 in the better eye. URE was defined as presenting VA <20/40 and improving to ≥20/40 with a pinhole. Statistical Analysis Used: Performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Chi square tests and t-test were used. Results and Conclusions: The results from a RARE survey with 3,095 subjects were compared with an APEDS dataset that had 1,232 subjects in the same age group of 15-49 years. The prevalence of VI has decreased from 9.5% (95% CI, 7.7-11.1) in APEDS to 2.7% (95% CI, 2.1-3.3) in RARE. Similarly, the prevalence of URE in the better eye decreased from 5.8% (95% CI, 4.5-7.1) to 2.3% (95% CI, 1.8-2.8). The usage of spectacles increased from 6.6% (95% CI, 5.2-8.0) to 9.7% (95% CI, 8.7-10.7). There is a decreasing trend in the prevalence of VI and URE in Mahbubnagar district in Andhra Pradesh over a decade.
Keywords
- Amblyopia
- nasolacrimal duct obstruction
- probing
- Duane syndrome
- esotropia
- strabismus
- Bevacizumab
- mitochondrial function
- microvascular endothelial cells
- neurosensory retinal cells
- retinal pigment epithelial cells
- tissue culture
- Clinical donor tissue grading
- death to enucleation time
- death to preservation time
- eye bank specular microscopy
- optimizing donor tissue utilization
- DCR
- endodiathermy bipolar probe
- nasolacrimal duct obstruction
- recanalize
- Age-related macular degeneration
- carotenoids
- cross-sectional studies
- lutein
- Children
- GDx variable corneal compensation
- Indian
- normal
- retinal nerve fiber layer thickness
- Biological amniotic membrane
- 5-fluorouracil
- retina
- trabeculectomy
- Clinical features
- complications
- etiology
- retinal vasculitis
- Thailand
- Coloboma of the choroid
- coloboma optic disc
- indo cyanine green angiography
- vascular pattern
- Aphakia
- inadequate capsular support
- pediatric aphakia
- secondary intraocular lens implantation
- steel suture
- trans-scleral fixation
- vanadium steel
- Drug reaction
- drug-induced
- ranibizumab
- subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
- Prevalence
- rapid
- rapid assessment of refractive errors
- spectacles use
- uncorrected refractive errors
- visual impairment