Xanthogranulomatous PyelonephritisA Diagnostic Dilemma

Abstract

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis (XGPN) is a chronic inflammatory disease usually associated with renal stones, mimicking several malignant and benign pathology causing diagnostic dilemma. A rare case of XGPN of renal pelvis has been presented here. A 34-year-old female presented with left renal colicky pain, with gross haematuria without any palpable renal lump. Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed a 4.5×4.3×4.0 cm sized heterogeneous solid cystic non enhancing Space Occupying Lesion (SOL) in left renal pelvis. It was provisionally diagnosed as transitional cell carcinoma of left renal pelvis and patient underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy. Histopathology revealed it as XGPN. This highlights the fact that there are several overlaps of clinical and radiological findings of these entities making its diagnosis a challenging task.

Keywords

• inflammatory diseases
• malignancy mimickers
• renal lesions