How FAIR Is Bioarchaeological Data: With a Particular Emphasis on Making Archaeological Science Data Reusable

Abstract

Archaeology is witnessing an exponential rise in data generation, and this can be particularly seen in the field of bioarchaeology which encompasses ancient DNA, osteoarchaeology, paleopathology, palaeoproteomics, stable isotopes, and zooarchaeology. This increase in data production is driven by advancements in molecular biology, technology, and innovative publishing practices. These data, derived from finite material sources, hold immense analytical value for unravelling the intricate lives of our ancestors. To ensure the long-term reusability of this invaluable information, embracing the FAIR principles — Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable — emerges as a promising avenue. Despite the growing awareness of bioarchaeological data reuse, the current landscape exhibits a notable lack of standardised data creation and deposition procedures. This results in the deposition of diverse data types across various repositories, with varying levels of Open Access and copyright, even within specialised fields. Survey findings reveal a diversity of practices among bioarchaeologists: while 43 out of 53 respondents make their data openly accessible, only 24 employ persistent identifiers. Moreover, standardised metadata (16 out of 53) and systematic documentation practices (24 out of 53) remain limited, impeding effective linking and interpretation. Remarkably, ancient DNA performs exceptionally well in FAIR metrics, far surpassing osteoarchaeology and paleopathology. In light of these challenges, it is crucial to implement standardised data management procedures tailored to each biomolecular subdiscipline. Additionally, introducing a federated search interface would significantly enhance the overall findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability of biomolecular archaeology data. A comprehensive approach is essential to optimise the stewardship of this data and ensure equitable and meaningful reuse in the dynamic world of archaeological research.

Keywords

• bioarchaeology
• fair principles
• archaeological data management
• data stewardship