Genes (Sep 2023)

Factors Associated with Large Cup-to-Disc Ratio and Blindness in the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) Study

  • Anusha Mamidipaka,
  • Isabel Di Rosa,
  • Roy Lee,
  • Yan Zhu,
  • Yineng Chen,
  • Rebecca Salowe,
  • Victoria Addis,
  • Prithvi Sankar,
  • Ebenezer Daniel,
  • Gui-Shuang Ying,
  • Joan M. O’Brien

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14091809
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 14, no. 9
p. 1809

Abstract

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Background/Aims: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) disproportionately affects individuals of African ancestry. In these patients’ eyes, a large cup-to-disc ratio (LCDR > 0.90) suggests greater retinal ganglion cell loss, though these patients often display varied visual ability. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors associated with LCDR in African ancestry individuals with POAG and explored the differences between blind (>20/200) and not blind (≤20/200) LCDR eyes. Methods: A case–control methodology was used to investigate the demographic, optic disc, and genetic risk factors of subjects in the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics Study. Risk factors were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models with inter-eye correlation adjusted using generalized estimating equations. Results: Out of 5605 eyes with POAG, 1440 eyes (25.7%) had LCDR. In the multivariable analysis, LCDR was associated with previous glaucoma surgery (OR = 1.72), increased intraocular pressure (OR = 1.04), decreased mean deviation (OR = 1.08), increased pattern standard deviation (OR = 1.06), thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (OR = 1.05), nasalization of vessels (OR = 2.67), bayonetting of vessels (OR = 1.98), visible pores in the lamina cribrosa (OR = 1.68), and a bean-shaped cup (OR = 2.11). Of LCDR eyes, 30.1% were classified as blind (≤20/200). In the multivariable analysis, the statistically significant risk factors of blindness in LCDR eyes were previous glaucoma surgery (OR = 1.72), increased intraocular pressure (OR = 1.05), decreased mean deviation (OR = 1.04), and decreased pattern standard deviation (OR = 0.90). Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of close monitoring of intraocular pressure and visual function in African ancestry POAG patients, particularly those with LCDR, to preserve visual function.

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