Jornal de Pediatria (Jun 2016)

Acute Myeloid Leukemia: analysis of epidemiological profile and survival rate

  • Mariana Cardoso de Lima,
  • Denise Bousfield da Silva,
  • Ana Paula Ferreira Freund,
  • Juliana Shmitz Dacoregio,
  • Tatiana El Jaick Bonifácio Costa,
  • Imaruí Costa,
  • Daniel Faraco,
  • Maurício Laerte Silva

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2015.08.008
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 92, no. 3
pp. 283 – 289

Abstract

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Abstract Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile and the survival rate of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a state reference pediatric hospital. Method: Clinical-epidemiological, observational, retrospective, descriptive study. The study included new cases of patients with AML, diagnosed between 2004 and 2012, younger than 15 years. Results: Of the 51 patients studied, 84% were white; 45% were females and 55%, males. Regarding age, 8% were younger than 1 year, 47% were aged between 1 and 10 years, and 45% were older than 10 years. The main signs/symptoms were fever (41.1%), asthenia/lack of appetite (35.2%), and hemorrhagic manifestations (27.4%). The most affected extra-medullary site was the central nervous system (14%). In 47% of patients, the white blood cell (WBC) count was below 10,000/mm3 at diagnosis. The minimal residual disease (MRD) was less than 0.1%, on the 15th day of treatment in 16% of the sample. Medullary relapse occurred in 14% of cases. When comparing the bone marrow MRD with the vital status, it was observed that 71.42% of the patients with type M3 AML were alive, as were 54.05% of those with non-M3 AML. The death rate was 43% and the main proximate cause was septic shock (63.6%). Conclusions: In this study, the majority of patients were male, white, and older than 1 year. Most patients with WBC count <10,000/mm3 at diagnosis lived. Overall survival was higher in patients with MRD <0.1%. The prognosis was better in patients with AML-M3.

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