Spark Plasma Sintering of Tungsten Oxides WOx (2.50 ≤ x ≤ 3): Phase Analysis and Thermoelectric Properties

Abstract

The solid-state reaction of WO3 with W was studied in order to clarify the phase formation in the binary system W-O around the composition WOx (2.50 ≤ x ≤ 3) during spark plasma sintering (SPS). A new phase “WO2.82” is observed in the range 2.72 ≤ x ≤ 2.90 which might have the composition W12O34. The influence of the composition on the thermoelectric properties was investigated for 2.72 ≤ x ≤ 3. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and electronic thermal conductivity are continuously tunable with the oxygen-to-tungsten ratio. The phase formation mainly affects the lattice thermal conductivity κlat which is significantly reduced until 700 K for the sample with the composition x = 2.84, which contains the phases W18O49 and “WO2.82”. In single-phase WO2.90 and multi-phase WOx materials (2.90 ≤ x ≤ 3), which contain crystallographic shear plane phases, a similar reduced κlat is observed only below 560 K and 550 K, respectively. Therefore, the composition range x < 2.90 in which the pentagonal column structural motif is formed might be more suitable for decreasing the lattice thermal conductivity at high temperatures.

Keywords

• thermoelectric materials
• spark plasma sintering
• tungsten oxides
• crystallographic shear plane phases