Plants (Jan 2023)

Unveiling the Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of <i>Salvia cacaliifolia</i> Benth. Essential Oil

  • Jorge M. Alves-Silva,
  • Emma Cocco,
  • Alessandra Piras,
  • Maria José Gonçalves,
  • Ana Silva,
  • Danilo Falconieri,
  • Silvia Porcedda,
  • Maria Teresa Cruz,
  • Andrea Maxia,
  • Lígia Salgueiro

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12020359
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 12, no. 2
p. 359

Abstract

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Salvia is widely recognized for its therapeutic potential. However, the biological relevance of some species remains unknown, namely Salvia cacaliifolia Benth. Therefore, the aim of this study is to unveil the chemical composition and relevant properties to its essential oil (EO). The EO was characterized by GC and GC-MS and its antifungal effect was evaluated according to the CLSI guidelines on dermatophytes and yeasts. The anti-inflammatory potential was assessed on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, by assessing the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the effect on the protein levels of two key pro-inflammatory enzymes, iNOS and COX-2 by western blot analysis. Wound healing capacity was determined using the scratch wound healing assay, and the anti-aging potential was assessed by evaluating the senescence marker β-galactosidase. The EO was mainly characterized by γ-curcumene, β-bisabolene, bicyclogermacrene and curzerenone. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of dermatophytes and C. neoformans. The EO significantly decreased iNOS and COX-2 protein levels and concomitantly reduced NO release. Additionally, it demonstrated anti-senescence potential and promoted wound healing. Overall, this study highlights relevant pharmacological properties of the EO of Salvia cacaliifolia, which should be further explored envisaging the development of sustainable, innovative, and environmentally friendly skin products.

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