Frontiers in Public Health (Sep 2022)

Persistently high incidence rates of childhood acute leukemias from 2010 to 2017 in Mexico City: A population study from the MIGICCL

  • Janet Flores-Lujano,
  • David Aldebarán Duarte-Rodríguez,
  • Elva Jiménez-Hernández,
  • Elva Jiménez-Hernández,
  • Jorge Alfonso Martín-Trejo,
  • Aldo Allende-López,
  • José Gabriel Peñaloza-González,
  • María Luisa Pérez-Saldivar,
  • Aurora Medina-Sanson,
  • José Refugio Torres-Nava,
  • Karina Anastacia Solís-Labastida,
  • Luz Victoria Flores-Villegas,
  • Rosa Martha Espinosa-Elizondo,
  • Raquel Amador-Sánchez,
  • Martha Margarita Velázquez-Aviña,
  • Laura Elizabeth Merino-Pasaye,
  • Nora Nancy Núñez-Villegas,
  • Ana Itamar González-Ávila,
  • María de los Ángeles del Campo-Martínez,
  • Martha Alvarado-Ibarra,
  • Vilma Carolina Bekker-Méndez,
  • Rocío Cárdenas-Cardos,
  • Silvia Jiménez-Morales,
  • Roberto Rivera-Luna,
  • Haydee Rosas-Vargas,
  • Norma C. López-Santiago,
  • Angélica Rangel-López,
  • Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda,
  • Elizabeth Vega,
  • Minerva Mata-Rocha,
  • Omar Alejandro Sepúlveda-Robles,
  • José Arellano-Galindo,
  • Juan Carlos Núñez-Enríquez,
  • Juan Manuel Mejía-Aranguré,
  • Juan Manuel Mejía-Aranguré,
  • Juan Manuel Mejía-Aranguré

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.918921
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 10

Abstract

Read online

IntroductionOver the years, the Hispanic population living in the United States has consistently shown high incidence rates of childhood acute leukemias (AL). Similarly, high AL incidence was previously observed in Mexico City (MC). Here, we estimated the AL incidence rates among children under 15 years of age in MC during the period 2010–2017.MethodsThe Mexican Interinstitutional Group for the Identification of the Causes of Childhood Leukemia conducted a study gathering clinical and epidemiological information regarding children newly diagnosed with AL at public health institutions of MC. Crude age incidence rates (cAIR) were obtained. Age-standardized incidence rates worldwide (ASIRw) and by municipalities (ASIRm) were calculated by the direct and indirect methods, respectively. These were reported per million population <15 years of age; stratified by age group, sex, AL subtypes, immunophenotype and gene rearrangements.ResultsA total of 903 AL cases were registered. The ASIRw was 63.3 (cases per million) for AL, 53.1 for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and 9.4 for acute myeloblastic leukemia. The highest cAIR for AL was observed in the age group between 1 and 4 years (male: 102.34 and female: 82.73). By immunophenotype, the ASIRw was 47.3 for B-cell and 3.7 for T-cell. The incidence did not show any significant trends during the study period. The ASIRm for ALL were 68.6, 66.6 and 62.8 at Iztacalco, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez, respectively, whereas, other municipalities exhibited null values mainly for AML.ConclusionThe ASIRw for childhood AL in MC is among the highest reported worldwide. We observed spatial heterogeneity of rates by municipalities. The elevated AL incidence observed in Mexican children may be explained by a combination of genetic background and exposure to environmental risk factors.

Keywords