Apitherapy and Periodontal Disease: Insights into In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Studies
Manoj Kumar,
Suraj Prakash,
Radha,
José M. Lorenzo,
Deepak Chandran,
Sangram Dhumal,
Abhijit Dey,
Marisennayya Senapathy,
Nadeem Rais,
Surinder Singh,
Phillip Kalkreuter,
Rahul D. Damale,
Suman Natta,
Marthandan Vishvanathan,
Sangeetha Kizhakkumkara Sathyaseelan,
Sureshkumar Rajalingam,
Sabareeshwari Viswanathan,
Yasodha Murugesan,
Muthamilselvan Muthukumar,
Aravind Jayaraman,
Murugasridevi Kalirajan,
Samy Selim,
Ryszard Amarowicz,
Mohamed Mekhemar
Affiliations
Manoj Kumar
Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR–Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
Suraj Prakash
School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management 3 Sciences, Solan 173229, India
Radha
School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management 3 Sciences, Solan 173229, India
José M. Lorenzo
Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
Deepak Chandran
Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
Sangram Dhumal
Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur 416004, India
Abhijit Dey
Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
Marisennayya Senapathy
Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
Nadeem Rais
Department of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Ajmer 305004, India
Surinder Singh
Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
Phillip Kalkreuter
Dr. Seiler und Kollegen Oral Surgery, 70794 Filderstadt, Germany
Rahul D. Damale
ICAR—National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, India
Suman Natta
ICAR—National Research Centre for Orchids, Pakyong 737106, India
Marthandan Vishvanathan
Department of Seed Science and Technology, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
Sangeetha Kizhakkumkara Sathyaseelan
Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India
Sureshkumar Rajalingam
Department of Agronomy, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
Sabareeshwari Viswanathan
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
Yasodha Murugesan
School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, India
Muthamilselvan Muthukumar
Department of Agricultural Entomology, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603201, India
Aravind Jayaraman
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
Murugasridevi Kalirajan
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
Samy Selim
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
Ryszard Amarowicz
Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
Mohamed Mekhemar
Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht’s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
Periodontal diseases are caused mainly by inflammation of the gums and bones surrounding the teeth or by dysbiosis of the oral microbiome, and the Global Burden of Disease study (2019) reported that periodontal disease affects 20–50% of the global population. In recent years, more preference has been given to natural therapies compared to synthetic drugs in the treatment of periodontal disease, and several oral care products, such as toothpaste, mouthwash, and dentifrices, have been developed comprising honeybee products, such as propolis, honey, royal jelly, and purified bee venom. In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature on the treatment of periodontitis using honeybee products. A literature search was performed using various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar. A total of 31 studies were reviewed using eligibility criteria published between January 2016 and December 2021. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies (randomized clinical trials) were included. Based on the results of these studies, honeybee products, such as propolis and purified bee venom, were concluded to be effective and safe for use in the treatment of periodontitis mainly due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. However, to obtain reliable results from randomized clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of honeybee products in periodontal treatment with long-term follow-up, a broader sample size and assessment of various clinical parameters are needed.
