Российский паразитологический журнал (Dec 2019)
The Results of Sanitary-Parasitological Monitoring of Environmental Objects to Ensure the Biological Safety of the Country's Population
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to develop a list of preventive measures to improve the parasitological situation based on the sanitary-parasitological analysis of the environment in the south of Russia.Materials and methods. The work was performed in 2014–2016 at the Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology of Rospotrebnadzor. There was an analysis performed, and statistical processing done, for the results of our own studies, which were received during the epidemiological and epizootological experiments and materials of the Rospotrebnadzor Directorates for the Southern Federal District entities on parasitological situation in the regions and cities in order to determine the parameters of a nosological profile of the infectious pathology of humans and animals in the Southern Federal District, study the role of parasitosis in the pathology of humans and animals and compile the initial data for the development of a regional system to control the epizootic manifestations of echinococcosis and toxocarosis in humans and animals. A comprehensive epizootological approach was applied using helminthological studies of various environmental objects and individual methods of modern prognostics. Biomonitoring for epidemiologically significant factors of the parasitosis transmission in the south of Russia was performed.Results and discussion. The developed structure of the epidemiological significance of environmental objects in parasitic diseases made the possibility to rationally plan a structure of epidemiological environmental objects to be selected for sanitary and parasitological studies in specific territories depending on the structure of parasitosis incidence. It was identified that wastewater and its sludge are still the most epidemiologically significant objects. In 2014–2016, 71.4% of viable parasitic agents in the Rostov Region and 50% in the Republic of Adygea were detected in drainage water before being treated by sewage treatment plants. In both territories, the ovogram of the parasitic pathogens detected was identical with predominant (more than 50%) detection of Toxocara sp. eggs. Next, according to detection frequency, are less determined eggs of ascaris, pinworms, taeniidae, hookworms, dicrocoelium and tapeworms. The results of the sanitary-parasitological monitoring of the substrates of sewage treatment plants in 2018 showed that the proportion of positive samples in the Republic of Adygea was 80.0% with AI 0.1–0.3 ind./l and the Rostov Region – 55.6% with AI 0.1–0.2 ind./l. Soil and sand samples were positive in 33.3% of cases; the seeding rate was 8 ind./kg. In all territories, the spectrum of detected pathogens of parasitoses in the soil was almost identical: Toxocara sp. eggs, eggs of roundworms, pinworms, etc.
Keywords
