Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Modified 316L Stainless Steel Alloy for Biomedical Applications Using Powder Metallurgy
Sadaqat Ali,
Muhammad Irfan,
Usama Muhammad Niazi,
Ahmad Majdi Abdul Rani,
Ahmad Rashedi,
Saifur Rahman,
Muhammad Kamal Asif Khan,
Mabkhoot A. Alsaiari,
Stanislaw Legutko,
Jana Petrů,
Antonin Trefil
Affiliations
Sadaqat Ali
School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Muhammad Irfan
Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
Usama Muhammad Niazi
Mechanical Engineering Technology Department, National Skills University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Ahmad Majdi Abdul Rani
Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar 31750, Malaysia
Ahmad Rashedi
School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
Saifur Rahman
Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
Muhammad Kamal Asif Khan
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
Mabkhoot A. Alsaiari
Empty Quarter Research Unit, Chemistry Department, College of Science and Art at Sharurah, Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
Stanislaw Legutko
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Jana Petrů
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
Antonin Trefil
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
AISI 316L stainless steel (SS) is one of the extensively used biomaterials to produce implants and medical devices. It provides a low-cost solution with ample mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility compared to its counterpart materials. However, the implants made of this material are subjected to a short life span in human physiological conditions leading to the leaching of metal ions, thus limiting its use as a biomaterial. In this research, the addition of boron, titanium, and niobium with varying concentrations in the SS matrix has been explored. This paper explores the impact of material composition on modified SS alloy’s physical and mechanical properties. The study’s outcomes specify that the microhardness increases for all the alloy compositions, with a maximum increase of 64.68% for the 2 wt.% niobium added SS alloy. On the other hand, the tensile strength decreased to 297.40 MPa for the alloy containing 0.25 wt.% boron and 2 wt.% titanium additions compared to a tensile strength of 572.50 MPa for pure SS. The compression strength increased from 776 MPa for pure SS to 1408 MPa for the alloy containing niobium and titanium additions in equal concentrations.