TABLE 3: TYPE 2 DIABETES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Abstract

The prevalence of diabetes (DM) is increasing, associated with low levels of physical activity (PA) and increased overweight-obesity. The benefits of PA include DM prevention, glycosylated hemoglobin and postprandial glycaemia reduction, improvement of the cardiovascular profile (decrease blood pressure and triglycerides, increase HDL cholesterol), significant proinflammatory biomarkers decrease. Besides, the PA improves sexual dysfunction, endothelial function, bioavailable nitric oxide and insulin sensitivity, increases testosterone, improves mood and self-esteem, anxiety and depression. Exercise increases glucose production; compensatory insulin secretion is altered and is exacerbated by increased catecholamine secretion. People with marked insulinopenia are at risk of ketosis. The resulting hypoglycemia is due to increased glucose uptake. PA improves polyneuropathy and cardiac autonomic neuropathy, prevents chronic kidney disease and is associated with lower levels of diabetic retinopathy. PA that considerably increases intraocular pressure is discouraged in patients with preproliferative and proliferative retinopathy or macular degradation. Exercise is contraindicated in vitreous hemorrhage. The energy requirement depends on the type, intensity and duration of the exercise. Foot care should be considered. The recommendations are reduce sedentary time, aerobic exercise at least 150 min / week and resistance exercise. An extra health check should be considered in high intensity training or high risk patients, including electrocardiogram and stress test. Consider bidimensional echocardiogram and Doppler.

Keywords

• actividad física
• diabetes tipo 2
• beneficios
• limitaciones
• recomendaciones