The Potential Role of R4 Regulators of G Protein Signaling (RGS) Proteins in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Xiaohong Zhang,
Hongyan Lv,
Juan Mei,
Bingyuan Ji,
Shuhong Huang,
Xuezhi Li
Affiliations
Xiaohong Zhang
Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No.45, Rencheng District, Jining 272013, China
Hongyan Lv
Department of Pediatrics, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jiankang Road No.6, Rencheng District, Jining 272011, China
Juan Mei
Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No.45, Rencheng District, Jining 272013, China
Bingyuan Ji
Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Hehua Road No.133, Taibai Lake District, Jining 272067, China
Shuhong Huang
Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jingwuweiqi Road No.324, Huaiyin District, Jinan 250021, China
Xuezhi Li
Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No.45, Rencheng District, Jining 272013, China
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex and heterogeneous disease that primarily results from impaired insulin secretion or insulin resistance (IR). G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are proposed as therapeutic targets for T2DM. GPCRs transduce signals via the Gα protein, playing an integral role in insulin secretion and IR. The regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) family proteins can bind to Gα proteins and function as GTPase-activating proteins (GAP) to accelerate GTP hydrolysis, thereby terminating Gα protein signaling. Thus, RGS proteins determine the size and duration of cellular responses to GPCR stimulation. RGSs are becoming popular targeting sites for modulating the signaling of GPCRs and related diseases. The R4 subfamily is the largest RGS family. This review will summarize the research progress on the mechanisms of R4 RGS subfamily proteins in insulin secretion and insulin resistance and analyze their potential value in the treatment of T2DM.
