Diabetes Mellitus is Associated with Poor Bone Microarchitecture in Older Adults Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities

Abstract

Objectives. Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and osteoporosis are very common in older adults who reside in long-term care (LTC) facilities. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the relationship between diabetes and bone quality in this population. The purpose of this study is to determine if bone mineral density (BMD) or trabecular bone score (TBS) is a better measure of bone quality and skeletal health, in LTC residents with and without a history of DM. Methodology. In this longitudinal cohort study, we examined baseline BMD (lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck), TBS, DM, and functional status in 511 LTC residents who were enrolled in two ongoing randomized placebo-controlled osteoporosis clinical trials. Results. On average, participants were older than 80 years and majority were prefrail or frail. Women with DM had greater lumbar spine BMD (1.106 vs 1.017, adjusted difference ± standard error = 0.084 ± 0.023 g/cm2, p=0.0003) and femoral neck BMD (0.695 vs 0.651, 0.027 ± 0.013 g/cm2, p=0.0463), but lesser lumbar spine TBS (1.211 vs 1.266, −0.036 ± 0.016, p=0.0299) compared to women without DM. Total hip BMD was also higher based on descriptive statistics (0.780 vs 0.734, p=0.6255) in diabetic women, although the difference was not statistically significant. Men had similar but attenuated findings. Conclusions. Among LTC residents, those with DM have greater BMD but lower bone quality measured by TBS. TBS should be considered in assessing older patients with DM. However, further studies are required to confirm the findings with respect to fractures.