Зерновое хозяйство России (May 2018)
The effect of the tillage methods, seeding rates and bio-preparations on productivity and grain quality of buckwheat in the northern forestry steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Abstract
The article presents the study results of the improvement of the resource-saving technology of buckwheat cultivation, of the efficiency of various tillage methods in a field grain-fallow rotation, of finding the best seeding rates for the crop and of the efficiency of bio-preparations against diseases and pests in the northern forestry steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The low-humus grey-brownish soil prevailing in this zone has an unstable water-resistant structure, a comparatively low moisture capacity and water permeability, and it is characterized with average viscosity. Specific resistance of soils is more than 0.6 kg/cm2. The problem of tillage of such soils is to restore and maintain an arable layer in the structural condition together with the other agro technologies of the advanced farming system. The study results have showed the advantage of moldboard tillage together with the use of bio-preparations and growth regulators during the buckwheat vegetation period, if the seeding norm is 3.5 ml of seeds per hectare. The maximum productivity of 17.2 hwt/ha has been obtained in such a variant, that is on 4.7 hwt/ha more than that of the control variety. In the variant with a subsoil plowing the productivity was 15.8 and 10.9 hwt/ha respectively (on 4.9 hwt/ha more). The yield of groats was 78.6%, which is on 4.8% more than that of the control (73.8%); the content of protein was 16.1%, which is on 1.6% more than that of the control.
