What Drives Financial Sector Development in Africa? Insights from Machine Learning

Abstract

This study uses machine learning techniques to identify the key drivers of financial development in Africa. To this end, four regularization techniques – the Standard lasso, Adaptive lasso, the minimum Schwarz Bayesian information criterion lasso, and the Elasticnet– are trained based on a dataset containing 86 covariates of financial development for the period 1990 - 2019. The results show that variables such as cell phones, economic globalization, institutional effectiveness, and literacy are crucial for financial sector development in Africa. Evidence from the Partialing-out lasso instrumental variable regression reveals that while inflation and agricultural sector employment suppress financial sector development, cell phones and institutional effectiveness are remarkable in spurring financial sector development in Africa. Policy recommendations are provided in line with the rise in globalization, and technological progress in Africa.