Breakfast Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with Overweight/Obesity in European Adolescents: The HELENA Study
Leandro Teixeira Cacau,
Pilar De Miguel-Etayo,
Alba M. Santaliestra-Pasías,
Natalia Giménez-Legarre,
Dirce Maria Marchioni,
Cristina Molina-Hidalgo,
Laura Censi,
Marcela González-Gross,
Evangelia Grammatikaki,
Christina Breidenassel,
Thaïs De Ruyter,
Mathilde Kersting,
Frederic Gottrand,
Odysseas Androutsos,
Sonia Gómez-Martinez,
Anthony Kafatos,
Kurt Widhalm,
Peter Stehle,
Dénes Molnár,
Yannis Manios,
Stefaan De Henauw,
Luis A. Moreno
Affiliations
Leandro Teixeira Cacau
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
Pilar De Miguel-Etayo
Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facutlad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Alba M. Santaliestra-Pasías
Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facutlad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Natalia Giménez-Legarre
Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facutlad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Dirce Maria Marchioni
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
Cristina Molina-Hidalgo
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
Laura Censi
Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00178 Rome, Italy
Marcela González-Gross
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Evangelia Grammatikaki
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
Christina Breidenassel
ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Thaïs De Ruyter
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, P/A UZ 4K3, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
Mathilde Kersting
Research Department of Child Nutrition, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany
Frederic Gottrand
Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation (INFINITE), University Lille, CHU Lille, U1286, F-59000 Lille, France
Odysseas Androutsos
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
Sonia Gómez-Martinez
Immunonutrition Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
Anthony Kafatos
Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
Kurt Widhalm
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Peter Stehle
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
Dénes Molnár
Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
Yannis Manios
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
Stefaan De Henauw
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, P/A UZ 4K3, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
Luis A. Moreno
Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facutlad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Obesity in children and adolescents is a public health problem and diet can play a major role in this condition. We aimed to identify sex-specific dietary patterns (DP) and to evaluate the association with overweight/obesity in European adolescents. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis with 2327 adolescents aged between 12.5 to 17.5 years from a multicenter study across Europe. The body mass index was categorized in “normal weight” and “overweight/obesity”. Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls were collected with a computerized self-reported software. Principal component factor analysis was used to identify DP. Mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the sex-specific DP and overweight/obesity outcome. As a result, we found three DP in boys (snacking and bread, Mediterranean diet, and breakfast) and four DP in girls (convenience, plant-based and eggs, Western, and breakfast). The association between DP and overweight/obesity highlights that those adolescents with higher adherence to the breakfast DP had lower odds for overweight/obesity, even after the inclusion of covariables in the adjustments. In European adolescents, the breakfast DP positively characterized by breakfast cereals, fruit, milk, and dairy and negatively characterized by sugar-sweetened beverages in boys and negatively characterized by cereals (pasta, rice, and others) in girls, was inversely associated with overweight/obesity.
