BMJ Global Health (Dec 2020)

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

  • Nebyou Seyoum,
  • Ville Sallinen,
  • Ari Leppäniemi,
  • Andrea Belli,
  • Clare Skerritt,
  • Naomi Wright,
  • Savva Pronin,
  • Azmina Verjee,
  • Oliver Warren,
  • Michele Sacco,
  • Arnav Agarwal,
  • Simon Paterson-Brown,
  • David Evans,
  • Philip Choi,
  • Ashish Gupta,
  • Jonathan Myers,
  • Victor Kong,
  • Michael Wilson,
  • Ewen M Harrison,
  • Mircea Beuran,
  • Ionut Negoi,
  • Zahra Jaffry,
  • Leonardo Solaini,
  • Thomas M Drake,
  • Sara W Al-Saqqa,
  • Sule Burger,
  • Kathryn Chu,
  • Dhruv Ghosh,
  • Hosni Khairy Salem,
  • Marie Carmela Lapitan,
  • Ismail Lawani,
  • Maria Lorena Aguilera,
  • Mayaba Maimbo,
  • Alex Makupe,
  • Vanessa Msosa,
  • Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi,
  • Riinu Ots,
  • Ahmad Uzair Qureshi,
  • Sarah Rayne,
  • Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan,
  • Richard Spence,
  • Richard Lilford,
  • Tom Abbott,
  • Gehad Tawfik,
  • Sebastian King,
  • Alexia Farrugia,
  • Jay Park,
  • Abhishek Sharma,
  • Augusto Zani,
  • Christopher Smith,
  • Jonathan Lund,
  • Stefano Giuliani,
  • John Whitaker,
  • Elaine Borg,
  • Alexis Arnaud,
  • Esther Ferrero,
  • Andrea Ruzzenente,
  • Jennifer Rickard,
  • Yousef Abuowda,
  • Enas Alaloul,
  • Natalie Blencowe,
  • Sanjay Patel,
  • Mark Ian Hampton,
  • Ewen Griffiths,
  • André L Mihaljevic,
  • Elizabeth Evans,
  • Catherine A Shaw,
  • Jennifer Ploski,
  • Mengistu Worku,
  • Ashish Minocha,
  • Shiva Dindyal,
  • Midhun Mohan,
  • Dina Fouad,
  • Christopher Owen,
  • Priya Patel,
  • Sunil Kumar,
  • James Yang,
  • Kevin C Conlon,
  • Sandro Pasquali,
  • Mohamed Mostafa,
  • Yoshan Moodley,
  • Kathryn Lee,
  • Gareth Irwin,
  • Kjetil Søreide,
  • Catrin Morgan,
  • Ruth Blanco-Colino,
  • Francesco Pata,
  • Gianluca Pellino,
  • Luke Nicholson,
  • Taiwo Lawal,
  • Omolara Williams,
  • Andrey Litvin,
  • Elodie Haraux,
  • James Olivier,
  • Michael Stoddart,
  • Rebecca White,
  • Luigi Bonavina,
  • Chetan Khatri,
  • Stephen O'Neill,
  • Roger Schmid,
  • Stephen Knight,
  • Ahmed Soliman,
  • Carly Bisset,
  • Robert Parker,
  • Rakan Kabariti,
  • Joshua Luck,
  • Guo Liang Yong,
  • Tanzeela Gala,
  • David Bunting,
  • Lydia Longstaff,
  • Ye Ru Chin,
  • J Edward Fitzgerald,
  • Giuliano Borda-Luque,
  • Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri,
  • Stuart J Fergusson,
  • Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo,
  • Adewale O Adisa,
  • Tomas Poškus,
  • Antonio Ramos-De la Medina,
  • Sebastian Shu,
  • Afnan Altamini,
  • Andrew Kirby,
  • Gustavo Recinos,
  • Jen Cornick,
  • Maria Marta Modolo,
  • Sayeda Nazmum Nahar,
  • Ade Waterman,
  • Ismail Lawini,
  • Mohammed Firdouse,
  • Tyler Rouse,
  • Qinyang Liu,
  • Juan Camilo Correa,
  • Peep Talving,
  • Dushyant Iyer,
  • Tom Arthur,
  • MariaLorena Aguilera,
  • Basant Kumar,
  • Radhian Amandito,
  • Roy Quek,
  • Luca Ansaloni,
  • Ahmed Altibi,
  • Donatas Venskutonis,
  • Justas Zilinskas,
  • YongYong Tew,
  • Ramos-DelaMedina Antonio,
  • Zineb Bent,
  • Ibrahim Al-Slaibi,
  • Haya Tahboub,
  • Osaid H Alser,
  • Diego Romani,
  • Sebestian Shu,
  • Piotr Major,
  • Aurel Mironescu,
  • Matei Bratu,
  • Amar Kourdouli,
  • Saint Kitts,
  • Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf,
  • Ahmad Gudal,
  • Al Faifi Jubran,
  • Sierra Leone,
  • Sam Seisay,
  • Bettina Lieske,
  • Irene Ortega,
  • Jenifa Jeyakumar,
  • Kithsiri Senanayake,
  • Omar Abdulbagi,
  • Yucel Cengiz,
  • Dmitri Raptis,
  • Yuksel Altinel,
  • Chia Kong,
  • Ella Teasdale,
  • Sukrit Suresh,
  • Katherine Gash,
  • Mark Scott,
  • Ragavan Narayanan,
  • Besmir Grizhja,
  • Shpetim Ymeri,
  • Gezim Galiqi,
  • Roberto Klappenbach,
  • Diego Antezana,
  • Alvaro Enrique MendozaBeleño,
  • Cecilia Costa,
  • Belen Sanchez,
  • Susan Aviles,
  • Claudio Gabriel Fermani,
  • Rubén Balmaceda,
  • Santiago Villalobos,
  • Juan Manuel Carmona,
  • Daniel Hamill,
  • Peter Deutschmann,
  • Simone Sandler,
  • Daniel Cox,
  • Ram Nataraja,
  • Claire Sharpin,
  • Damir Ljuhar,
  • Demi Gray,
  • Morgan Haines,
  • Dush Iyer,
  • Nithya Niranjan,
  • Scott D'Amours,
  • Morvarid Ashtari,
  • Helena Franco,
  • Ashrarur Rahman Mitul,
  • Sabbir Karim,
  • Nowrin F Aman,
  • Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee,
  • Umme Salma,
  • Joyeta Razzaque,
  • Tasnia Hamidkanta,
  • Sayeedaaktar Tori,
  • Md Shadid Alamin,
  • Swapnil Roy,
  • Md Shadid Al Amin,
  • Muhtarima Haque,
  • Amreen Faruq,
  • Farhana Iftekhar Margaret,
  • Greg Padmore O'Shea,
  • Ramesh Jonnalagadda,
  • Aliaksandr Filatau,
  • Dzmitry Paulouski,
  • Maryna Shubianok,
  • Tatsiana Shachykava,
  • Dzianis Khokha,
  • Vladimir Khokha,
  • Fernande Djivoh,
  • Francis Dossou,
  • Dansou Gaspard Gbessi,
  • Bruno Noukpozounkou,
  • Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou,
  • Kpèmahouton René Keke,
  • Fred Hodonou,
  • Ernestyemalinstephane Ahounou,
  • Thierry Alihonou,
  • Max Dénakpo,
  • Germain Ahlonsou,
  • Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada,
  • Carlos Nsengiyumva,
  • Sandrine Kwizera,
  • Venerand Barendegere,
  • Simon Stock,
  • Luai Jamal,
  • Georges Azzie,
  • Sameer Kushwaha,
  • Tzu-Ling Chen,
  • Chingwan Yip,
  • Irene Montes,
  • Felipe Zapata,
  • Sebastian Sierra,
  • Mohamed Youssef,
  • Hossam Elfeki,
  • Waleed Thabet,
  • Aly Sanad,
  • Ahmed Zaki,
  • Noran Abdel-Hameed,
  • Esraa Abd Elkhalek,
  • Yehia Zakaria,
  • Tarek Ezzat,
  • Ali Abo ElDahab,
  • Mohamed Kelany,
  • Sara Arafa,
  • OsamaMokhtar Mohamed Hassan,
  • Nermin Mohamed Badwi,
  • Ahmad Saber Sleem,
  • Hussien Ahmed,
  • Kholoud Abdelbadeai,
  • Mohamed Abozed Abdullah,
  • Muhammadamsyarauni Lokman,
  • Suraya Bahar,
  • Anan Radyabdelazeam,
  • Abdelrahman Adelshone,
  • Muhammad Bin Hasnan,
  • Athirah Zulkifli,
  • Siti NurAlia Kamarulzamil,
  • Abdelaziz Elhendawy,
  • Aliang Latif,
  • Ahmad Bin Adnan,
  • Shahadatul Shaharuddin,
  • Aminah HanumHaji AbdulMajid,
  • Mahmoud Amreia,
  • Dina Al-Marakby,
  • Mahmoud Salma,
  • Mohamadjeffreybin Ismail,
  • Elissa Rifhan MohdBasir,
  • Citra Dewi MohdAli,
  • Aya Yehia Ata,
  • Maha Nasr,
  • Asmaa Rezq,
  • Ahmed Sheta,
  • Sherif Tariq,
  • Abdelkhalek Sallam,
  • Abdelrhman KZ Darwish,
  • Sohaila Elmihy,
  • Shady El Hadry,
  • Ahmed Farag,
  • Haidar Hajah,
  • Abdelaziz Seliem,
  • Amro Aglan,
  • Ahmed Zohair,
  • Mahitab Essam,
  • Omar Moussa,
  • Esraa El-Gizawy,
  • Mostafa Samy,
  • Safia Ali,
  • Esraa Elhalawany,
  • Ahmed Ata,
  • Mohamed Elhalawany,
  • Mohamed Nashat,
  • Samar Soliman,
  • Alaa Elazab,
  • Mostada Samy,
  • Mohamed A Abdelaziz,
  • Khaled Ibrahim,
  • Ahmed mohamed Ibrahim,
  • Ammar Gado,
  • Usama Hantour,
  • Esraa Alm Eldeen,
  • Mohamed Reda loaloa,
  • Arwa Abouzaid,
  • Mostafa Ahmedbahaaeldin,
  • Eman Hashad,
  • Fathy Sroor,
  • Doaa Gamil,
  • Eman Mahmoudabdulhakeem,
  • Mahmoud Zakaria,
  • Fawzy Mohamed,
  • Marwan Abubakr,
  • Elsayed Ali,
  • Hesham Magdy,
  • Mennatallah Ramadan,
  • Mohamed Abdelatymohamed,
  • Salma Mansour,
  • Hager Abdulazizamin,
  • Ahmed Rabiemohamed,
  • Mahmoud Saami,
  • Nada Ahmedredaelsayed,
  • Adham Tarek,
  • Sabry Mohyeldeenmahmoud,
  • Islam MagdyEl Sayed,
  • Amira Reda,
  • Martina Yusufshawky,
  • Mohammed Mousasalem,
  • Shahinaz Alaa El-Din,
  • Noha Abdullah Soliman,
  • Muhammed Talaat,
  • Shahinaz Alaael-Dein AhmedAbdelmoenelhusseiny,
  • Noha Abdullah,
  • Mohammed Elshaar,
  • Aya Abdelfatahibraheem,
  • Hager Abdulaziz,
  • Mohammed Kamal Ismail,
  • Mona Hamdymadkor,
  • Mohamed Abdelaty,
  • Sara Mahmoudabdel Kader,
  • Osama Mohamedsalah,
  • Mahmoud Eldafrawy,
  • Ahmed Zakieldeeb,
  • Mostafa Mahmoudeid,
  • Attia Attia,
  • Khalid Salah El-Dien,
  • Ayman Shwky,
  • Mohamed Adel Badenjki,
  • Abdelrahman Soliman,
  • Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar,
  • Farrag Sayed,
  • Fahd Abdelsabour,
  • Mohammed G Azizeldine,
  • Muhammad Shawqi,
  • Abdullah Hashim,
  • Ahmed Aamer,
  • Ahmed Mahmoud Abdel Raouf,
  • Mahmoud Abdelshakour,
  • Amal Ibrahim,
  • Basma Mahmoud,
  • Mohamed Ali Mahmoud,
  • Mostafa Qenawy,
  • Ahmed M Rashed,
  • Ahmed Dahy,
  • Marwa Sayed,
  • Ahmed W Shamsedine,
  • Bakeer Mohamed,
  • Ahmad Hasan,
  • Mahmoud M Saad,
  • Khalil Abdulbassit,
  • Nadia Khalidabdelatif,
  • Nada Elzahed,
  • Ahmed Elkashash,
  • Sarah Hafez,
  • Ahmed Gad,
  • Mahmoud Elkhadragy Maher,
  • Ahmed Abdelsameea,
  • Mohamed Hafez,
  • Ahmad Sabe,
  • Vassilis Kalles,
  • Nada Mohamed Bekheta,
  • Ataa Ahmed,
  • Ahmed Shahine,
  • Khaled Dawood,
  • Shireen Gaafar,
  • Reem Husseiny,
  • Omnia Aboelmagd,
  • Nourhan Mesbah,
  • Hossam Emadeldin,
  • Amgad Almeligy,
  • Amira Hassan Bekhet,
  • Doaa Hasan,
  • Khaled Alhady,
  • Ahmad Khaled Sabe,
  • Mahmoud A Elnajjar,
  • Majed Aboelella,
  • Ward Hamsho,
  • Ihab Hassan,
  • Hala Saad,
  • Galaleldin Abdelazim,
  • Hend Mahmoud,
  • Noha Wael,
  • Ahmedali M Kandil,
  • Ahmed Magdy,
  • Shimaa Saidelkholy,
  • Badreldineadel Adel,
  • Kareem Dabbour,
  • Saged Elsherbiney,
  • Omar Mattar,
  • Abdulshafi Khaled Abdrabou,
  • Mohammed Yahia mohamedAly,
  • Abdelrahman Geuoshy,
  • Ahmedglal Elnagar,
  • Saraibrahim Ahmed,
  • Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb,
  • Amr Ahmed Saleh,
  • Hesham Mohammedbakry,
  • Manar Saeed,
  • Shady Mahmoud,
  • Badreldinadel Tawfik,
  • Samar Adel Ismail,
  • Esraay Zakaria,
  • Mariam O Gad‏,
  • Mohamedsalah Elhelbawy,
  • Monica Bassem,
  • Nadia Khaledabdel-Latif,
  • Noha Maraie,
  • Nourhan Medhat Elhadary,
  • Nourhan Semeda,
  • Shaza Rabiemohamed,
  • Hesham Mohammed Bakry,
  • AA Essam,
  • Dina Tarek,
  • Khlood Ashour,
  • Alaa Elhadad,
  • Abdulrahman Abdel-Aty,
  • Ibrahim Rakha,
  • Sara Mamdouh Matter,
  • Rasha Abdelhamed,
  • Omar Abdelkader,
  • Ayat Hassaan,
  • Yasmin Soliman,
  • Amna Mohamed,
  • Sara Ghanem,
  • Sara Amr MohamedFarouk,
  • Eman Mohamed Ibrahim,
  • Esraa El-Taher,
  • Merna Mostafa,
  • Mohamedfawzy Mahrousbadr,
  • Rofida Elsemelawy AyaEl-Sawy,
  • Ahmad Bakr,
  • Ahmad Abdel Razaq Al Rafati,
  • Sten Saar,
  • Arvo Reinsoo,
  • Tewodros Worku,
  • Agazi Fitsum,
  • Matti Tolonen,
  • Benoît Parmentier,
  • Matthieu Peycelon,
  • Sabine Irtan,
  • Sabrina Dardenne,
  • Elsa Robert,
  • Betty Maillot,
  • Etienne Courboin,
  • Alexis Pierre Arnaud,
  • Juliette Hascoet,
  • Olivier Abbo,
  • Amir Ait Kaci,
  • Thomas Prudhomme,
  • Quentin Ballouhey,
  • Céline Grosos,
  • Laurent Fourcade,
  • Tolg Cecilia,
  • Colombani Jean-Francois,
  • Francois-Coridon Helene,
  • Xavier Delforge,
  • Bertrand Dousset,
  • Roberto Schiavone,
  • Jean-Baptiste Marret,
  • Aurore Haffreingue,
  • Julien Rod,
  • Mariette Renaux-Petel,
  • Jean-François Lecompte,
  • Jean Bréaud,
  • Pauline Gastaldi,
  • Chouikh Taieb,
  • Raquillet Claire,
  • Echaieb Anis,
  • Nasir Bustangi,
  • Manuel Lopez,
  • Aurelien Scalabre,
  • Maria Giovanna Grella,
  • Aurora Mariani,
  • Guillaume Podevin,
  • Françoise Schmitt,
  • Erik Hervieux,
  • Aline Broch,
  • Cecile Muller,
  • Anyomih Theophilus TeddyKojo,
  • Dickson Bandoh,
  • Francis Abantanga,
  • Martin Kyereh,
  • Hamza Asumah,
  • Eric Kofi Appiah,
  • Adam Gyedu,
  • Kwabena AgbedinuKwabena AgbedinuMichaelAmoah,
  • Abiboye Yifieyeh,
  • Frank Owusu,
  • Mabel Amoako-Boateng,
  • Makafui Dayie,
  • Richmond Hagan,
  • Sam Debrah,
  • Micheal Ohene-Yeboah,
  • Joe-Nat Clegg-Lampety,
  • Victor Etwire,
  • Jonathan Dakubo,
  • Samuel Essoun,
  • William Bonney,
  • Hope Glover-Addy,
  • Samuel Osei-Nketiah,
  • Joachim Amoako,
  • Niiarmah Adu-Aryee,
  • William Appeadu-Mensah,
  • Antoinette Bediako-Bowan,
  • Mattew Ekow,
  • Emmanuel Akatibo,
  • Musah Yakubu,
  • Hope Edem KofiKordorwu,
  • Kwasi Asare-Bediako,
  • Kenneth Aaniana,
  • Emmanuel Acquah,
  • Richard Opoku-Agyeman,
  • Anthony Avoka,
  • Kwasi Kusi,
  • Kwame Mais,
  • Gandau Naabarnabas,
  • Saiba Abdul-Latif,
  • Philip Taahamoako,
  • Victor Dassah,
  • Enoch Dagoe,
  • Prince Kwakyeafriyie,
  • Elliot Akoto,
  • Eric Ackom,
  • Ekow Mensah,
  • Ebenezer Takyi Atkins,
  • Christian Lari Coompson,
  • Nikolaos Ivros,
  • Christoforos Ferousis,
  • Vasileios Kalles,
  • Christos Agalianos,
  • Ioannis Kyriazanos,
  • Christos Barkolias,
  • Angelos Tselos,
  • Georgios Tzikos,
  • Evangelos Voulgaris,
  • Dimitrios Lytras,
  • Athanasia Bamicha,
  • Kyriakos Psarianos,
  • Anastasios Stefanopoulos,
  • Ioannis Patoulias,
  • Dimitrios Sfougaris,
  • Ioannis Valioulis,
  • Dimitrios Balalis,
  • Dimitrios Korkolis,
  • Dimitrios K Manatakis,
  • Georgios Kyrou,
  • Georgios Karabelias,
  • Iason-Antonios Papaskarlatos,
  • Kolonia Konstantina,
  • Nikolaos Zampitis,
  • Stylianos Germanos,
  • Aspasia Papailia,
  • Theodosios Theodosopoulos,
  • Georgios Gkiokas,
  • Magdalini Mitroudi,
  • Christina Panteli,
  • Thomas Feidantsis,
  • Konstantinos Farmakis,
  • Dimitrios Kyziridis,
  • Orestis Ioannidis,
  • Styliani Parpoudi,
  • Georgios Gemenetzis,
  • Stavros Parasyris,
  • Christos Anthoulakis,
  • Nikolaos Nikoloudis,
  • Michail Margaritis,
  • Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo,
  • Otto Coyoy-Gaitan,
  • Javier Rosales,
  • Luis Tale,
  • Rafael Soley,
  • Emmanuel Barrios,
  • Servio TulioTorres Rodriguez,
  • Carlos Pazgalvez,
  • Danilo Herreracruz,
  • Guillermo Sanchez Rosenberg,
  • Alejandro Matheu,
  • David Monterroso Cohen,
  • Marie Paul,
  • Angeline Charles,
  • Justin ChakYiu Lam,
  • Man Hon AndrewYeung,
  • Chi Ying JacquelynFok,
  • Ka Hin GabrielLi,
  • Anthony Chuk-Him Lai,
  • Yuk HongEric Cheung,
  • Hong Yee Wong,
  • Ka Wai Leung,
  • Tien Seng BryanLee,
  • Wai Him Lam,
  • Weihei Dao,
  • Stephanie Hiu-wai Kwok,
  • Tsz-Yan Katie Chan,
  • Yung Kok Ng,
  • Chi Chung Foo,
  • Ankur Bhatnagar,
  • Vijaid Upadhyaya,
  • Uday Muddebihal,
  • Wasim Dar,
  • Janardhan,
  • Neerav Aruldas,
  • Fidelis Jacklyn Adella,
  • Anthonius Santoso Rulie,
  • Ferdy Iskandar,
  • Jonny Setiawan,
  • Cicilia Viany Evajelista,
  • Hani Natalie,
  • Arlindawati,
  • Rudy Gunawan,
  • Herlin Karismaningtyas,
  • Lusipadmasulistianingsih Mata,
  • Ferryfitriyaayu Andika,
  • Afifatun Hasanah,
  • T Ariani Widiastini,
  • Nurlailaayu Purwaningsih,
  • Annisa DewiFitriana Mukin,
  • Dinafaizatur Rahmah,
  • Hazmidwinanda Nurqistan,
  • Hasbimaulana Arsyad,
  • Novia Adhitama,
  • Wifantosaditya Jeo,
  • Nathania Sutandi,
  • Audrey Clarissa,
  • Phebe Anggita Gultom,
  • Matthew Billy,
  • Andreass Haloho,
  • Nadya Johanna,
  • Felix Lee,
  • Radin MohdNurrahman RadinDorani,
  • Martha Glynn,
  • Mohammad Alherz,
  • Wennweoi Goh,
  • Haaris A Shiwani,
  • Lorraine Sproule,
  • Miklosh Bala,
  • Asaf Kedar,
  • Luca Turati,
  • Federica Bianco,
  • Francesca Steccanella,
  • Gaetano Gallo,
  • Mario Trompetto,
  • Giuseppe Clerico,
  • Matteo Papandrea,
  • Giuseppe Sammarco,
  • Rosario Sacco,
  • Angelo Benevento,
  • Luisa Giavarini,
  • Mariano Cesare Giglio,
  • Luigi Bucci,
  • Gianluca Pagano,
  • Viviana Sollazzo,
  • Roberto Peltrini,
  • Gaetano Luglio,
  • Arianna Birindelli,
  • Salomone Di Saverio,
  • Gregorio Tugnoli,
  • Miguel Angel Paludi,
  • Pietro Mingrone,
  • Domenica Pata,
  • Francesco Selvaggi,
  • Lucio Selvaggi,
  • Natale Di Martino,
  • Gianluca Curletti,
  • Paolo Aonzo,
  • Raffaele Galleano,
  • Stefano Berti,
  • Elisa Francone,
  • Silvia Boni,
  • Laura Lorenzon,
  • Annalisa Lo Conte,
  • Genoveffa Balducci,
  • Gianmaria Confalonieri,
  • Giovanni Pesenti,
  • Laura Gavagna,
  • Giorgio Vasquez,
  • Simone Targa,
  • Savino Occhionorelli,
  • Dario Andreotti,
  • Giacomo Pata,
  • Fabrizio Aquilino,
  • Nicola Chetta,
  • Arcangelo Picciariello,
  • Mohamed Abdelkhalek,
  • Silvia De Franciscis,
  • Annamaria Bigaran,
  • Alessandro Favero,
  • Stefano MM Basso,
  • Paola Salusso,
  • Martina Perino,
  • Sylvie Mochet,
  • Diego Sasia,
  • Francesco Riente,
  • Marco Migliore,
  • David Merlini,
  • Silvia Basilicò,
  • Carlo Corbellini,
  • Veronica Lazzari,
  • Yuri Macchitella,
  • Daniele Angelieri,
  • Diego Coletta,
  • Federica Falaschi,
  • Marco Catani,
  • Claudia Reali,
  • Mariastella Malavenda,
  • Celeste Del Basso,
  • Sergio Ribaldi,
  • Massimo Coletti,
  • Andrea Natili,
  • Norma Depalma,
  • Immacolata Iannone,
  • Angelo Antoniozzi,
  • Davide Rossi,
  • Daniele Gui,
  • Gerardo Perrotta,
  • Matteo Ripa,
  • Francesco Ruben Giardino,
  • Maurizio Foco,
  • Erika Vicario,
  • Federico Coccolini,
  • Gabriela Elisa Nita,
  • Nicoletta Leone,
  • Andrea Bondurri,
  • Anna Maffioli,
  • Andrea Simioni,
  • Davide De Boni,
  • Elena Goldin,
  • Elena Vendramin,
  • Eleonora Ciccioli,
  • Umberto Tedeschi,
  • Luca Bortolasi,
  • Paola Violi,
  • Tommaso Campagnaro,
  • Simone Conci,
  • Giovanni Lazzari,
  • Calogero Iacono,
  • Alfredo Guglielmi,
  • Serena Manfreda,
  • Anna Rinaldi,
  • Maria Novella Ringressi,
  • Beatrice Brunoni,
  • Giuseppe Salamone,
  • Mirko Mangiapane,
  • Paolino De Marco,
  • Antonella La Brocca,
  • Roberta Tutino,
  • Vania Silvestri,
  • Leo Licari,
  • Tommaso Fontana,
  • Nicolò Falco GianfrancoCocorullo,
  • Mostafa Shalaby,
  • Isam Bsisu,
  • Khaled Aljboor,
  • Lana Abusalem,
  • Aseel Alnusairat,
  • Ahmad Qaissieh,
  • Emad Al-Dakka,
  • Ali Ababneh,
  • Oday Halhouli,
  • Taha Yusufali,
  • Hussein Mohammed,
  • Justus Lando,
  • Wairimu Ndegwa,
  • Mantas Jokubauskas,
  • Jolanta Gribauskaite,
  • Justas Kuliavas,
  • Audrius Dulskas,
  • Narimantas E Samalavicius,
  • Kristijonas Jasaitis,
  • Audrius Parseliunas,
  • Viktorija Nevieraite,
  • Margarita Montrimaite,
  • Evelina Slapelyte,
  • Edvinas Dainius,
  • Romualdas Riauka,
  • Zilvinas Dambrauskas AndrejusSubocius,
  • Linas Venclauskas,
  • Antanas Gulbinas,
  • Saulius Bradulskis,
  • Simona Kasputyte,
  • Deimante Mikuckyte,
  • Mindaugas Kiudelis,
  • Tomas Jankus,
  • Steponas Petrikenas,
  • Matas Pažusis,
  • Zigmantas Urniežius,
  • Mantas Vilčinskas,
  • Vincas Jonas Banaitis,
  • Vytautas Gaizauskas,
  • Edvard Grisin,
  • Povilas Mazrimas,
  • Rokas Rackauskas,
  • Mantas Drungilas,
  • Karolis Lagunavicius,
  • Vytautas Lipnickas,
  • Dovilè Majauskyté,
  • Valdemaras Jotautas,
  • Tomas Abaliksta,
  • Laimonas Uščinas,
  • Gintaras Simutis,
  • Adomas Ladukas,
  • Donatas Danys,
  • Erikas Laugzemys,
  • Saulius Mikalauskas,
  • Elena Zdanyte Sruogiene,
  • Petras Višinskas,
  • Reda Žilinskienė,
  • Deividas Dragatas,
  • Andrius Burmistrovas,
  • Zygimantas Tverskis,
  • Arturas Vaicius,
  • Ruta Mazelyte,
  • Antanas Zadoroznas,
  • Nerijus Kaselis,
  • Greta Žiubrytė,
  • Finaritra CasimirFleur PrudenceRahantasoa,
  • Luc Hervé Samison,
  • Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary,
  • Emmanuella ChristinaTolotra,
  • Cornelius Mukuzunga,
  • Chimwemwe Kwatiwani,
  • Nelson Msiska,
  • Feng Yih Chai,
  • SitiMohd Desa Asilah,
  • Khuzaimah Zahid Syibrah,
  • Pui Xin Chin,
  • Afizah Salleh,
  • Nur Zulaika Riswan,
  • April Camilla Roslani,
  • Hoong-Yin Chong,
  • Nora Abdul Aziz,
  • Keat-Seong Poh,
  • Chu-Ann Chai,
  • Sandip Kumar,
  • Mustafa Mohammed Taher,
  • Nik Ritza Kosai,
  • Dayang NitaAbdul Aziz,
  • Rokayah Julaihi,
  • Reynu Rajan,
  • Durvesh Lacthman Jethwani,
  • Muhammad Taqiyuddin Yahaya,
  • Nik Azim NikAbdullah,
  • Susan Wndy Mathew,
  • Kuet Jun Chung,
  • Milaksh Kumar Nirumal,
  • R GohErn Tze,
  • SyedAbdul WahhabEusoffee WanAli,
  • Yiing Yee Gan,
  • Jesse Ron SwireTing,
  • Samuel S YSii,
  • Kean Leong Koay,
  • Yi Koon Tan,
  • Alvin EeZhiun Cheah,
  • Chui Yee Wong,
  • Tuan Nur'Azmah TuanMat,
  • Crystal Yern NeeChow,
  • Prisca AL Har,
  • Yishan Der,
  • Yong Yong Tew,
  • Fitjerald Henry,
  • Xinwei Low,
  • Ya Theng Neo,
  • Hian Ee Heng,
  • Shu Ning Kong,
  • Cheewei Gan,
  • Yi Ting Mok,
  • Yee Wen Tan,
  • Kandasami Palayan,
  • Mahadevan Devatata,
  • Yih Jeng Cheong,
  • Kuhaendran Gunaseelan,
  • Wan NurulAin WanMohdNasir,
  • Pigeneswaren Yoganathan,
  • Eu Xian Lee,
  • Jian Er Saw,
  • Li Jing Yeang,
  • Pei Ying Koh,
  • Shyang Yee Lim,
  • Shuang Yi Te,
  • Nicole Grech,
  • Daniela Magri,
  • Kristina Cassar,
  • Christine Mizzi,
  • Malcolm Falzon,
  • Nihaal Shaikh,
  • Ruth Scicluna,
  • Stefan Zammit,
  • Sean Mizzi,
  • Svetlana Doris Brincat,
  • Thelma Tembo,
  • Vu ThanhHien Le,
  • Tara Grima,
  • Keith Sammut,
  • Kurt Carabott,
  • Ciskje Zarb,
  • Andre' Navarro,
  • Thea Dimech,
  • Georgettemarie Camilleri,
  • Isaac Bertuello,
  • Jeffrey Dalli,
  • Karl Bonavia,
  • Samantha Corro-Diaz,
  • Marisol Manriquez-Reyes,
  • Antonio Ramos-Dela Medina,
  • Amina Abdelhamid,
  • Abdelmalek Hrora,
  • Sarah Benammi,
  • Houda Bachri,
  • Meryem Abbouch,
  • Khaoula Boukhal,
  • Redouane Mammar Bennai,
  • Abdelkader Belkouchi,
  • Mohamed Sobhi Jabal,
  • Chaymae Benyaiche,
  • Maarten Vermaas,
  • Lucia Duinhouwer,
  • Javier Pastora,
  • Greta Wood,
  • Maria Soledad Merlo,
  • Abdussemiu Abdurrazzaaq,
  • Olufemi Habeeb,
  • Muslimat Alada,
  • Abdulrasheed Nasir,
  • James Adeniran,
  • Ademola Popoola,
  • Ademola Adeyeye,
  • Ademola Adebanjo,
  • Opeoluwa Adesanya,
  • Adewale Adeniyi,
  • Henry Mendel,
  • Bashir Bello,
  • Umar Muktar,
  • Adedapo Osinowo,
  • Thomas Olagboyega Olajide,
  • Oyindamola Oshati,
  • Babajide Adenekan,
  • Victor Nwinee,
  • Abdulrazzaq Lawal,
  • Chris Bode,
  • Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi,
  • Alaba Adesina,
  • Olubukola Faturoti,
  • Oluwatomi Odutola,
  • Oluwaseyi Adebola,
  • Clement Onuoha,
  • Ogechukwu Taiwo,
  • Fatai Balogun,
  • Iloba Njokanma,
  • Roland Osuoji,
  • Stephen Kache,
  • Jonathan Ajah,
  • Jerry Makama,
  • Ahmed Adamu,
  • Suleiman Baba,
  • Mohammad Aliyu,
  • Shamsudeen Aliyu,
  • Yahaya Ukwenya,
  • Halima Aliyu,
  • Tunde Sholadoye,
  • Oluseyi Ogunsua,
  • Lofty-John Anyanwu,
  • Abdurrahaman Sheshe,
  • Aminu Mohammad,
  • Samson Dr Olori,
  • Philip Mshelbwala,
  • Babatunde Odeyemi,
  • Garba Samson,
  • Oyediran Kehinde Timothy,
  • Sani Ali Samuel,
  • Anthony Ajiboye,
  • Isaac Amole,
  • Olajide Abiola,
  • Akin Olaolorun,
  • Torhild Veen,
  • Arezo Kanani,
  • Kristian Styles,
  • Ragnar Herikstad,
  • Johannes Wiik Larsen,
  • Jon Arne Søreide,
  • Elisabeth Jensen,
  • Mads Gran,
  • Eirik Kjus Aahlin,
  • Tina Gaarder,
  • Peter Wiel Monrad-Hansen,
  • Pål Aksel Næss,
  • Giedrius Lauzikas,
  • Joachim Wiborg,
  • Silje Holte,
  • Knutmagne Augestad,
  • Gurpreetsingh Banipal,
  • Michela Monteleone,
  • Thomastetens Moe,
  • Johanneskurt Schultz,
  • Taher Al-taher,
  • Ayah Hamdan,
  • Ayman Salman,
  • Rana Saadeh,
  • Aseel Musleh,
  • Dana Jaradat,
  • Soha Abushamleh,
  • Sakhaa Hanoun,
  • Amjad Abu Qumbos,
  • Aseel Hamarshi,
  • Ayman Taher,
  • Israa Qawasmi,
  • Khalid Qurie,
  • Marwa Altarayra,
  • Mohammad Ghannam,
  • Alaa Shaheen,
  • Azher Herebat,
  • Aram Abdelhaq,
  • Ahmad Shalabi,
  • Maram Abu-toyour,
  • Fatema Asi,
  • Ala Shamasneh,
  • Anwar Atiyeh,
  • Mousa Mustafa,
  • Rula Zaa'treh,
  • Majd Dabboor,
  • Heba Baraka,
  • Jehad Meqbil,
  • Alaa Al-buhaisi,
  • Mohamedraed Elshami,
  • Samah Afana,
  • Sahar Jaber,
  • Said Alyacoubi,
  • Tasneem Idress,
  • Eman Abuqwaider,
  • Sara Al-saqqa,
  • Alaa Bowabsak,
  • Alaa Eljamassi,
  • Doaa Hasanain,
  • Hadeel Al-farram,
  • Maram Salah,
  • Aya Firwana,
  • Marwa Hamdan,
  • Israa Awad,
  • Ahmad Ashour,
  • Fayez Elian AlBarrawi,
  • Ahmed Al-khatib,
  • Maha Al-faqawi,
  • Mohamed Fares,
  • Amjad Elmashala,
  • Mohammad Adawi,
  • Ihdaa Adawi,
  • Reem Khreishi,
  • Rose Khreishi,
  • Ahed Ghabe,
  • Najwa Nadeem,
  • Muhammad Saqlain,
  • Jibran Abbasy,
  • Abdul Rehman Alvi,
  • Noman Shahzad,
  • Kamran Faisal,
  • Zainab Iftikhar,
  • Muhammad Talha Butt,
  • Syed Asaat UlRazi,
  • Asdaq Ahmed,
  • Ali Khan Niazi,
  • Ibrahim Raza,
  • Fatima Baluch,
  • Ahmed Raza,
  • Ahmad Bani-Sadar,
  • Muhammad Adil,
  • Awais Raza,
  • Mahnoor Javaid,
  • Muhammad Waqar,
  • Maryamali Khan,
  • Mohammadmohsin Arshad,
  • Mohammadasim Amjad,
  • Gustavo Miguel MachainVega,
  • Jorge Torres Cardozo,
  • Gustavo Rodolfo PertersenServin,
  • Helmut Alfredo SegoviaLohse,
  • Larissa Ines Páezlopez,
  • Ramón Augusto MeloCardozo,
  • Fernando Espinoza,
  • Angel David PérezRojas,
  • Diana Sanchez,
  • Camila Sanchez Samaniego,
  • Shalon Guevara Torres,
  • Alexander Canta Calua,
  • Cesar Razuri,
  • Nadia Ortiz,
  • Xianelle Rodriguez,
  • Nahilia Carrasco,
  • Fridiz Saravia,
  • Hector Shibao Miyasato,
  • María Valcarcel-Saldaña,
  • Ysabel Esthefany AlejosBermúdez,
  • Juan Carpio,
  • Walter Ruizpanez,
  • Pedroangel Toribioorbegozo,
  • Carolina Guzmán Dueñas,
  • Kevin Turpo Espinoza,
  • Ana MariaSandoval Barrantes,
  • Jorge Chungui,
  • Lorena Fuentes-Rivera,
  • Carmen Fernández,
  • Joselyn Ye Bárbara,
  • Ricardo Velasquez,
  • Jannin Salcedo,
  • Ana Lucia Contreras-Vergara,
  • Angelica Genoveva VergaraMejia,
  • Maria Soledad GonzalesMontejo,
  • Mariliadelcarmen Escalantesalas,
  • Willy Alccaticona,
  • Marvin Vargas,
  • Georgechristian Manriquesila,
  • Robinson Mas,
  • Arazzelly del Pilar Paucar,
  • Armando JoséRomán Velásquez,
  • Alina Robledo-Rabanal,
  • Ludwing AlexanderZeta Solis,
  • Kenny Turpo Espinoza,
  • José Luis HamasakiHamaguchi,
  • Erick Samuel FlorezFarfan,
  • Linda Alvi MadridBarrientos,
  • Juan Jaime HerreraMatta,
  • John Jemuel VMora,
  • Menold Archee PRedota,
  • Manuel Francisco Roxas,
  • Maria Jesusa BMaño,
  • Christel Leanne Almanon,
  • Maciej Walędziak,
  • Rafał Roszkowski,
  • Michał Janik,
  • Anna Lasek,
  • Dorota Radkowiak,
  • Mateusz Rubinkiewicz,
  • Cristina Fernandes,
  • Jose Costa-Maia,
  • Renato Melo,
  • Liviu Muntean,
  • Aurel Sandu Mironescu,
  • Lucian Corneliu Vida,
  • Mariuca Popa,
  • Hogea Mircea,
  • Mihaela Vartic,
  • Bogdan Diaconescu,
  • Matei Razvan Bratu,
  • Cezar Ciubotaru,
  • Mutabazi Alphonse,
  • Norbert Uzabumwana,
  • Dieudonne Duhoranenayo,
  • Elio Jovine,
  • Nicola Zanini,
  • Giovanni Landolfo,
  • Murad Aljiffry,
  • Faisal Idris,
  • Mohammed Saleh AAlghamdi,
  • Ashraf Maghrabi,
  • Abdulmalik Altaf,
  • Eyad Khalifah,
  • Adel Albiety,
  • Aroub Alkaaki,
  • Reham Alshareef,
  • Ahmad Khoja,
  • Abrar Nawawi,
  • Mohammed Najjar,
  • Sondos Turkustani,
  • Sarah Sahel,
  • Ahmed Alzahrani,
  • Ahmed Alghamdi,
  • Wedyan Alhazmi,
  • Ghiath Al Saied,
  • Mohammed Alamoudi,
  • Muhammed Masood Riaz,
  • Mazen Hassanain,
  • Basmah Alhassan,
  • Abdullah Altamimi,
  • Reem Alyahya,
  • Norah Alsubaie,
  • Fatema Albastawis,
  • Afnan Altamimi,
  • Thamer Nouh,
  • Roaa Khan,
  • Milan Radojkovic,
  • Ljiljana Jeremic,
  • Milica Nestorovic,
  • Jia Hao Law,
  • Keith Say Kwang Tan,
  • Joel Kin Tan,
  • Lau WenLiang Joel,
  • Xue Wei Chan,
  • Faith QiHui Leong,
  • Choon Seng Chong,
  • Sharon Koh,
  • Kai Yin Lee,
  • Kuok Chung Lee,
  • Kent Pluke,
  • Britta Dedekind,
  • Puyearashid Nashidengo,
  • Johanna Joosten,
  • Sanju Sobnach,
  • Liana Roodt,
  • Anthony Sander,
  • James Pape,
  • Niveshni Maistry,
  • Phumudzo Ndwambi,
  • Kamau Kinandu,
  • Myint Tun,
  • Frederick Du Toit,
  • Quinn Ellison,
  • DC Grobler,
  • Lawrence Bongani Khulu,
  • Vicky Jennings,
  • Astrid Leusink,
  • Nazmie Kariem,
  • Juan Gouws,
  • Heather Bougard,
  • Fazlin Noor,
  • Angela Dell,
  • Stephanie Van Straten,
  • Arvin Khamajeet,
  • Serge Kapenda Tshisola,
  • Kalangu Kabongo,
  • Frank Anderson,
  • Thandinkosi Madiba,
  • Flip du Plooy,
  • Leila Hartford,
  • Gareth Chilton,
  • Parveen Karjiker,
  • Matlouernest Mabitsela,
  • Sibongileruth Ndlovu,
  • Maria Badicel,
  • Robert Jaich,
  • Jaime Ruiz-Tovar,
  • Luis Garcia-Florez,
  • Jorge L. Otero-Díez,
  • Virginia Ramospérez,
  • Nuria Aguadosuárez,
  • Javier Minguez García,
  • Sara Corral Moreno,
  • Maria Vicenta Collado,
  • Virginia Jiménez Carneros,
  • Javier García Septiem,
  • Mariana Gonzalez,
  • Antonio Picardo,
  • Enrique Esteban,
  • Eloy Espin-Basany,
  • Valeria Andriola,
  • Lorena Solargarcía,
  • Elisa Contreras,
  • Carmen Garcíabernardo,
  • Janet Pagnozzi,
  • Sandra Sanz,
  • Alberto Miyardeleón,
  • Asnel Dorismé,
  • Joseluis Rodicio,
  • Aida Suarez,
  • Jessica Stuva,
  • Tamara Diazvico,
  • Laura Fernandez-Vega,
  • Carla Soldevila-Verdeguer,
  • Fatima Sena-Ruiz,
  • Natalia Pujol-Cano,
  • Paula Diaz-Jover,
  • José Maria Garcia-Perez,
  • Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro,
  • Cristina Pineño-Flores,
  • David Ambrona-Zafra,
  • Andrea Craus-Miguel,
  • Patricia Jimenez-Morillas,
  • Angela Mazzella,
  • A.B Jayathilake,
  • S.P.B Thalgaspitiya,
  • L.S. Wijayarathna,
  • P.M.S.N. Wimalge,
  • Hakeem Ayomi Sanni,
  • Aliyu Ndajiwo,
  • Ogheneochuko Okenabirhie,
  • Anmar Homeida,
  • Abobaker Younis,
  • Omer Abdelbagi Omer,
  • Mustafa Abdulaziz,
  • Ali Mussad,
  • Ali M. Gilani,
  • Ida Björklund,
  • Sandra Ahlqvist,
  • Anders Thorell,
  • Fredrik Wogensen,
  • Arestis Sokratous,
  • Michaela Breistrand,
  • Hildur Thorarinsdottir,
  • Johanna Sigurdadottir,
  • Maziar Nikberg,
  • Maria Hjertberg,
  • Peter Elbe,
  • Deborah Saraste,
  • Wiktor Rutkowski,
  • Louise Forlin,
  • Karoliina Niska,
  • Malin Sund,
  • Dennis Oswald,
  • Georgios Peros,
  • Rafael Bluelle,
  • Katharina Reinisch,
  • Daniel Frey,
  • Adrian Palma,
  • Dimitriaristotle Raptis,
  • Lucius Zumbühl,
  • Markus Zuber,
  • Gabriela Werder,
  • Antonio Nocito,
  • Alexandra Gerosa,
  • Silke Mahanty,
  • Lukas Werner Widmer,
  • Julia Müller,
  • Alissa Gübeli,
  • Grzegorz Zuk,
  • Osman Bilgin Gulcicek,
  • Talar Vartanoglu,
  • Emin Kose,
  • Servet Rustu Karahan,
  • Mehmet Can Aydin,
  • Nuri Alper Sahbaz,
  • Ilkay Halicioglu,
  • Halil Alis,
  • Ipek Sapci,
  • Can Adıyaman,
  • Ahmet Murat Pektaş,
  • Turgut Bora Cengiz,
  • Ilkan Tansoker,
  • Vedatcan Işler,
  • Muazzez Cevik,
  • Deniz Mutlu,
  • Volkan Ozben,
  • Berk Baris Ozmen,
  • Sefa Bayram,
  • Sinem Yolcu,
  • Berna Buse Kobal,
  • Ömer Faruk Toto,
  • Haluk Cem Çakaloğlu,
  • Kagan Karabulut,
  • Vahit Mutlu,
  • Bahar Busra Ozkan,
  • Saban Celik,
  • Anil Semiz,
  • Selim Bodur,
  • Enisburak Gül,
  • Busra Murutoglu,
  • Reyyan Yildirim,
  • Bahadir Emre Baki,
  • Ekin Arslan,
  • Mehmet Ulusahin,
  • Ali Guner,
  • Nathan Walker,
  • Nikhita Shrimanker,
  • Simon Cole,
  • Ryan Breslin,
  • Ravi Srinivasan,
  • Mohamed Elshaer,
  • Kristina Hunter,
  • Ahmed Al-Bahrani,
  • Ignatius Liew,
  • Nora Grace Mairs,
  • Alistair Rocke,
  • Lachlan Dick,
  • Mobeen Qureshi,
  • Debkumar Chowdhury,
  • Adrienne Ho,
  • Tharindra Dissanayake,
  • Athula Tennakoon,
  • Wadah Ali,
  • Shujing Jane Lim,
  • Charlene Tan,
  • Catrin Jones,
  • Dima Nassif,
  • Aia Mehdi,
  • Nathan Post,
  • Eliana Kalakouti,
  • Enkhbat Dashnyam,
  • Frederick Stourton,
  • Ioannis Mykoniatis,
  • Chelise Currow,
  • Francisca Wong,
  • Veeranna Shatkar,
  • Suraj Kadiwar,
  • Alexander Smedley,
  • Rebecca Wakefield,
  • Philip Herrod,
  • James Blackwell,
  • Fraser Cohen,
  • Ashwath Bandi,
  • Giles Bond-Smith,
  • Theodore Pezas,
  • Neda Farhangmehr,
  • Tomas Urbonas,
  • Miklos Perenyei,
  • Philip Ireland,
  • Kirk Bowling,
  • Kenneth Keogh,
  • Hyunjin Jeon,
  • Muhammad Rafaih Iqbal,
  • Shivun Khosla,
  • Anna Jeffery,
  • James Perera,
  • Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem,
  • Tariq Alhammali,
  • Yahya Salama,
  • Shaun Oram,
  • Thomas Kidd,
  • Fraser Cullen,
  • Seehui Chiu,
  • Hannah Sarafilovic,
  • Athar Abbas,
  • Sylvia Kamya,
  • Norzawani Ishak,
  • Cedar Andress,
  • Aidan Haslegrave,
  • Adam Boggon,
  • Kirsten Laurie,
  • Katie Connor,
  • Thomas Mann,
  • Anahita Mansuri,
  • Rachel Davies,
  • Aized Raza Shahbaz,
  • Calvin Eng,
  • Farhat Din,
  • Ariadne L'heveder,
  • Esther H.G. Park,
  • Ramanish Ravishankar,
  • Kirsten Mcintosh,
  • Jih Dar Yau,
  • Luke Chan,
  • Susan Mcgarvie,
  • Lingshan Tang,
  • Hui Lim,
  • Suhhuey Yap,
  • Zhanherr Ng,
  • Shahrukh Mirza,
  • Yun Lin Ang,
  • Luke Walls,
  • Chloe Roy,
  • Julian Camilleri-Brennan,
  • Kenneth Mclean,
  • Michelle D'souza,
  • David Ewart Henshall,
  • Eunicezuling Ter,
  • William English,
  • Dominic Townsend,
  • Laura Maciejec,
  • Shareef Mahdi,
  • Onyinye Akpenyi,
  • Elisabeth Hall,
  • Hanaan Caydiid,
  • Zakaria Rob,
  • Hew D Torrance,
  • Robin Johnston,
  • Mohammedakil Gani,
  • Gianpiero Gravante,
  • Shivanchan Rajmohan,
  • Kiran Majid,
  • Madanmohan Palliyil,
  • Neil Harvey,
  • Katie Baillie,
  • Sam Shillito,
  • Suzanne Kershaw,
  • Rebecca Bamford,
  • Peter Orton,
  • Elke Reunis,
  • Robert Tyler,
  • Waicheong Soon,
  • Guled M. Jama,
  • Dharminder Dhillon,
  • Khyati Patel,
  • Shayanthan Nanthakumaran,
  • Rachel Heard,
  • Kar Yan Chen,
  • Behrad Barmayehvar,
  • Uttaran Datta,
  • Sobhana Iftekhartani,
  • Eimear Monaghan,
  • Philippa Donnelly,
  • Michael Walker,
  • Jehangirshaw Parakh,
  • Sarah Blacker,
  • Anil Kaul,
  • Arjun Paramasivan,
  • Sameh Farag,
  • Ashrafun Nessa,
  • Salwa Awadallah,
  • Jieqi Lim,
  • James Cheankhunng,
  • Ravi P. Kiran,
  • Alice Murray,
  • Eric Etchill,
  • Mohini Dasari,
  • Juan Puyana,
  • Nadeem Haddad,
  • Martin Zielinski,
  • Asad Choudhry,
  • Celeste Caliman,
  • Mieshia Beamon,
  • Therese Duane,
  • Mamta Swaroop,
  • Rebecca Deal,
  • Erik Schadde,
  • Mark Hemmila,
  • Lena Napolitano,
  • Kathleen To,
  • Joseph Musowoya,
  • Niels Van Der Naald,
  • Dayson Kumwenda,
  • Alex Reece-Smith,
  • Kars Otten,
  • Anna Verbeek,
  • Marloes Prins,
  • Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez,
  • Chelsea Deane,
  • Emilio Dijan,
  • Mahmoud Elfiky,
  • Laura Koskenvuo,
  • Aurore Thollot,
  • Bernard Limoges,
  • Carmen Capito,
  • Challine Alexandre,
  • Henri Kotobi,
  • Julien Leroux,
  • Kalitha Pinnagoda,
  • Nicolas Henric,
  • Olivier Azzis,
  • Olivier Rosello,
  • Poddevin Francois,
  • Sara Etienne,
  • Philippe Buisson,
  • Sophian Hmila,
  • Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey,
  • Osman Imoro,
  • Owusu Emmanuel Abem,
  • Dimitrios Papageorgiou,
  • Vasiliki Soulou,
  • Sabrina Asturias,
  • Lenin Peña,
  • Donal B O’Connor,
  • Alberto Realis Luc,
  • Alfio Alessandro Russo,
  • Antonio Taddei,
  • Camilla Cona,
  • Corrado Bottini,
  • Giovanni Pascale,
  • Giuseppe Rotunno,
  • Marco Maria Pascale,
  • Margherita Notarnicola,
  • Mario Corbellino,
  • Paolo Ubiali,
  • Roberto Cautiero,
  • Tommaso Bocchetti,
  • Elena Muzio,
  • Vania Guglielmo,
  • Eugenio Morandi,
  • Patrizio Mao,
  • Emilia De Luca,
  • Farah Mahmoud Ali,
  • Paulius Kondrotas,
  • Robertas Baltrunas,
  • Juozas Kutkevicius,
  • Povilas Ignatavicius,
  • Choy Ling Tan,
  • Jia Yng Siaw,
  • Sir Young Yam,
  • Ling Wilson,
  • Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz,
  • John Bondin,
  • Carmina Diaz Zorrilla,
  • Anass Majbar,
  • Agboola Taiwo,
  • Emeka Nwabuoku,
  • Marte BliksØen,
  • Zain Ali Khan,
  • Jazmin Coronel,
  • Cesar Miranda,
  • Idelso Vasquez,
  • Luis M. Helguero-Santin,
  • Adesina Adedeji,
  • Saleh Alqahtani,
  • Max Rath,
  • Michael Van Niekerk,
  • Modise Zacharia Koto,
  • Roel Matos-Puig,
  • Leif Israelsson,
  • Tobias Schuetz,
  • Mahmut Arif Yuksek,
  • Meric Mericliler,
  • Bernhard Wolf,
  • Cameron Fairfield,
  • Katharine Whitehurst,
  • Natalie Redgrave,
  • Caroluce K Musyoka,
  • Michael Cox,
  • Muhamed M H Farhan-Alanie,
  • Rory Callan,
  • Chali Chibuye,
  • Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali,
  • Syrine Rekhis,
  • Muna Rommaneh,
  • Zi Hao Sam,
  • Thays Brunelli Pugliesi,
  • Gabriel Pardo,
  • Ruth Blanco

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003429
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 5, no. 12

Abstract

Read online

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings.Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI.Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.