Changes in laboratory value improvement and mortality rates over the course of the pandemic: an international retrospective cohort study of hospitalised patients infected with SARS-CoV-2

• ,
• Ramakanth Kavuluru,
• Xuan Wang,
• Paul Avillach,
• Florence Bourgeois,
• Kee Yuan Ngiam,
• Gabriel A Brat,
• Isaac Kohane,
• Yuk-Lam Ho,
• Yuan Luo,
• Harrison G Zhang,
• T Cai,
• Kelly Cho,
• Vincent Benoit,
• Antoine Neuraz,
• Chuan Hong,
• Sehi L'Yi,
• Griffin Weber,
• Bryce W Q Tan,
• Alba Gutiérrez-Sacristán,
• Clara-Lea Bonzel,
• Nathan P Palmer,
• Alberto Malovini,
• Valentina Tibollo,
• Meghan R Hutch,
• Molei Liu,
• Riccardo Bellazzi,
• Luca Chiovato,
• Fernando J Sanz Vidorreta,
• Trang T Le,
• William Yuan,
• Bertrand Moal,
• Michele Morris,
• David A Hanauer,
• Sarah Maidlow,
• Kavishwar Wagholikar,
• Shawn Murphy,
• Hossein Estiri,
• Adeline Makoudjou,
• Patric Tippmann,
• Jeffery Klann,
• Robert W Follett,
• Nils Gehlenborg,
• Gilbert S Omenn,
• Zongqi Xia,
• Arianna Dagliati,
• Shyam Visweswaran,
• Lav P Patel,
• Danielle L Mowery,
• Emily R Schriver,
• Malarkodi Jebathilagam Samayamuthu,
• Sara Lozano-Zahonero,
• Daniela Zöller,
• Amelia L M Tan,
• Byorn W L Tan,
• John H Holmes,
• Petra Schubert,
• Brett K. Beaulieu-Jones,
• Miguel Pedrera-Jiménez,
• Noelia García-Barrio,
• Pablo Serrano-Balazote,
• Andrew South

Affiliations

1Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, Australia

Ramakanth Kavuluru

1 Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

Xuan Wang

4 Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas, USA

Paul Avillach

Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Florence Bourgeois

2 Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Kee Yuan Ngiam

1 Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore

Gabriel A Brat

Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Isaac Kohane

Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Yuk-Lam Ho

data analyst

Yuan Luo

Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Harrison G Zhang

1 Conestoga High School, Berwyn, Pennsylvania, USA

T Cai

Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Kelly Cho

VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Vincent Benoit

IT department, Innovation & Data, APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France

Antoine Neuraz

Department of Biomedical Informatics, Hopital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, Île-de-France, France

Chuan Hong

Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Sehi L'Yi

Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Griffin Weber

Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Bryce W Q Tan

Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore

Alba Gutiérrez-Sacristán

Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Clara-Lea Bonzel

Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Nathan P Palmer

Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Alberto Malovini

Laboratory of Informatics and Systems Engineering for Clinical Research, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy

Valentina Tibollo

Laboratory of Informatics and Systems Engineering for Clinical Research, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy

Meghan R Hutch

Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

Molei Liu

Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Riccardo Bellazzi

Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Luca Chiovato

Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy

Fernando J Sanz Vidorreta

Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

Trang T Le

Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

William Yuan

Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Bertrand Moal

IAM unit, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France

Michele Morris

Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

David A Hanauer

Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

Sarah Maidlow

MICHR Informatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

Kavishwar Wagholikar

Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Shawn Murphy

Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Hossein Estiri

Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Adeline Makoudjou

Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Patric Tippmann

Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Jeffery Klann

Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Robert W Follett

Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

Nils Gehlenborg

Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Gilbert S Omenn

Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

Zongqi Xia

Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

Arianna Dagliati

Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Shyam Visweswaran

Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Kansas, USA

Lav P Patel

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Informatics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA

Danielle L Mowery

Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Emily R Schriver

Data Analytics Center, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Malarkodi Jebathilagam Samayamuthu

Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

Sara Lozano-Zahonero

Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Daniela Zöller

Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Amelia L M Tan

Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Byorn W L Tan

Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore

John H Holmes

Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Petra Schubert

Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Brett K. Beaulieu-Jones

Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Miguel Pedrera-Jiménez

Health Informatics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain

Noelia García-Barrio

Health Informatics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain

Pablo Serrano-Balazote

Health Informatics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain

Andrew South

Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA