Treatment of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome with a combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon-β1b (MIRACLE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Yaseen M. Arabi,
Adel Alothman,
Hanan H. Balkhy,
Abdulaziz Al-Dawood,
Sameera AlJohani,
Shmeylan Al Harbi,
Suleiman Kojan,
Majed Al Jeraisy,
Ahmad M. Deeb,
Abdullah M. Assiri,
Fahad Al-Hameed,
Asim AlSaedi,
Yasser Mandourah,
Ghaleb A. Almekhlafi,
Nisreen Murad Sherbeeni,
Fatehi Elnour Elzein,
Javed Memon,
Yusri Taha,
Abdullah Almotairi,
Khalid A. Maghrabi,
Ismael Qushmaq,
Ali Al Bshabshe,
Ayman Kharaba,
Sarah Shalhoub,
Jesna Jose,
Robert A. Fowler,
Frederick G. Hayden,
Mohamed A. Hussein,
And the MIRACLE trial group
Affiliations
Yaseen M. Arabi
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
Adel Alothman
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
Hanan H. Balkhy
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
Abdulaziz Al-Dawood
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
Sameera AlJohani
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
Shmeylan Al Harbi
College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
Suleiman Kojan
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
Majed Al Jeraisy
College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
Ahmad M. Deeb
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
Abdullah M. Assiri
Infection Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health
Fahad Al-Hameed
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
Asim AlSaedi
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
Yasser Mandourah
Department of Intensive Care Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City
Ghaleb A. Almekhlafi
Department of Intensive Care Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City
Nisreen Murad Sherbeeni
Infectious Diseases Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City
Fatehi Elnour Elzein
Infectious Diseases Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City
Javed Memon
Intensive Care Section, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital
Yusri Taha
Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital
Abdullah Almotairi
Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Fahad Medical City
Khalid A. Maghrabi
Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research
Ismael Qushmaq
Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center
Ali Al Bshabshe
Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Khalid University, Aseer Central Hospital
Ayman Kharaba
Department of Critical Care, King Fahad Hospital, Ohoud Hospital
Sarah Shalhoub
Department of Medicine, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital
Jesna Jose
Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
Robert A. Fowler
AMR Infection Control and Publications AIP/PED/HSE/HQ, Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto
Frederick G. Hayden
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine
Mohamed A. Hussein
Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
Abstract Background It had been more than 5 years since the first case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection (MERS-CoV) was recorded, but no specific treatment has been investigated in randomized clinical trials. Results from in vitro and animal studies suggest that a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon-β1b (IFN-β1b) may be effective against MERS-CoV. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of treatment with a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and recombinant IFN-β1b provided with standard supportive care, compared to treatment with placebo provided with standard supportive care in patients with laboratory-confirmed MERS requiring hospital admission. Methods The protocol is prepared in accordance with the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) guidelines. Hospitalized adult patients with laboratory-confirmed MERS will be enrolled in this recursive, two-stage, group sequential, multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized controlled trial. The trial is initially designed to include 2 two-stage components. The first two-stage component is designed to adjust sample size and determine futility stopping, but not efficacy stopping. The second two-stage component is designed to determine efficacy stopping and possibly readjustment of sample size. The primary outcome is 90-day mortality. Discussion This will be the first randomized controlled trial of a potential treatment for MERS. The study is sponsored by King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Enrollment for this study began in November 2016, and has enrolled thirteen patients as of Jan 24-2018. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02845843. Registered on 27 July 2016.