Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (Apr 2024)
Evaluation of Antihypoxic Activities of Naringin and Naringenin in Asphyxia, Haemic and Circulatory Hypoxia Models in Mice
Abstract
Background and purpose: Hypoxia is a decrease in available oxygen reaching the tissues of the body which can lead to body function impairment. It is linked to the pathology of acute mountain sickness, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Hypoxia causes oxidative stress involving the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Naringenin and naringin are widely found in Citrus spp. These compounds have many biological effects, potent antioxidant activities, and influential effects in ischemia/reperfusion. Nothing is found about the anti-hypoxic activities of these compounds. This study aimed to investigate the anti-hypoxia activities of these compounds in mice. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, the protective effects of these compounds at 5-20 mg/kg were evaluated against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice by three experimental models of hypoxia, i.e. asphyctic, haemic, and circulatory hypoxia. The latencies for death for mice in minutes were recorded. All the experimental procedures were conducted by the NIH guidelines of the Laboratory Animal Care and Use. The Institutional Animal Ethical Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences also approved the experimental protocol. In the asphyctic hypoxic model, phenytoin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and in the next two tests, propranolol (20 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) were used as the positive controls. In all tests, Normal saline (0.5 ml, i.p.) was used as the negative control. Analysis of variance was performed followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons (by GraphPad Prism 8) were used to determine the differences in means. Results: In the circulatory model, both compounds showed very good effects. The effects were completely dose-dependent. Naringin at a dose of 5 mg/kg increased the death time by approximately 7.3 minutes (P0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it was found that Naringin has very good protective activities in all models. Naringenin was not effective in the haemic model. The result of this research can be responsible for cardiovascular effects and their good effects on ischemia/reperfusion.
