Frontiers in Microbiology (Mar 2014)

Morphology, phylogeny and ecology of the aphelids (Aphelidea, Opisthokonta) and proposal for the new superphylum Opisthosporidia

  • Sergey eKarpov,
  • Sergey eKarpov,
  • Maria A Mamkaeva,
  • Vladimir eAleoshin,
  • Elena eNassonova,
  • Elena eNassonova,
  • Osu eLilje,
  • Frank H Gleason

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00112
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 5

Abstract

Read online

The aphelids are a small group of intracellular parasitoids of common species of eukaryotic phytoplankton with three known genera Aphelidium, Amoeboaphelidium, and Pseudaphelidium, and ten valid species, which form along with related environmental sequences a very diverged group. The phyla Microsporidia and Cryptomycota, and the class Aphelidea have recently been considered to be а deep branch of Holomycota lineage forming the so called the ARM-clade which is sister to the fungi. In this review we reorganize the taxonomy of ARM-clade, and establish a new superphylum Opisthosporidia with three phyla: Aphelida phyl. nov., Cryptomycota and Microsporidia. We discuss here all aspects of aphelid investigations: history of our knowledge, life cycle peculiarities, the morphology (including the ultrastructure), molecular phylogeny, ecology, and provide a taxonomic revision of the phylum supplied with a list of species. We compare the aphelids with their nearest relatives, the species of Rozella, and improve the diagnosis of the phylum Cryptomycota.

Keywords