Assessing the Relationship between Opioid Therapy and Osteoporosis

Abstract

Opioid use is extensively linked to adverse bone health outcomes, including increased risks of fractures, impaired bone repair, and diminished bone mineral density (BMD). Opioids such as morphine and dilaudid inhibit bone formation, leading to bone loss, while chronic opioid use exacerbates bone turnover and suppresses bone formation. These effects, observed in both males and females, frequently result in osteoporosis. Opioid-induced endocrinopathies, including hypogonadism and testosterone deficiency, significantly contribute to decreased bone density and heightened fracture risk. Observational studies report a higher prevalence of hip fractures among chronic opioid users, emphasising the necessity of routine BMD screening, particularly in high-risk populations. The interaction between opioid use and bone health mandates comprehensive monitoring and risk assessment strategies for long-term opioid users.

Keywords

• bone health
• bone mineral density
• fractures
• opioids
• osteoporosis