Computer numerical control-printed paper electrodes for electrochemical detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor pyocyanin

Abstract

Disposable paper electrodes (PPE) have significant advantages in biosensor research considering the cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and easy batch manufacturing opportunity. An increase in communicable and non-communicable diseases demands for custom-made sensor platforms. Herein, we report an alternative method for the fabrication of PPE through simple and rapid computer numerical controlled (CNC) printing technique. The fabricated electrodes were electrochemically characterised, and by detecting antibiotic resistant pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor pyocyanin, the sensing application is demonstrated. Finally, the sensor is validated with a gold-standard culture-based assay.

Keywords

• Disposable paper electrodes
• Computer numerical controlled printing
• Pyocyanin
• Electrochemical sensing