Herbicide Leaching in Soil with Different Properties: Perspectives from Commercial Formulations and Analytical Standards
Rita de Cássia Araújo de Medeiros,
Tatiane Severo Silva,
Taliane Maria da Silva Teófilo,
Francisca Daniele da Silva,
Matheus de Freitas Souza,
Ana Beatriz Rocha de Jesus Passos,
Bruno Caio Chaves Fernandes,
Hamurábi Anizio Lins,
Paulo Sergio Fernandes das Chagas,
Carolina Malala Martins Souza,
Ioná Santos Araújo Holanda,
Daniel Valadão Silva
Affiliations
Rita de Cássia Araújo de Medeiros
Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Plant Science Center, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido—UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, P.O. Box 137, Mossoró 59625-900, RN, Brazil
Tatiane Severo Silva
Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1575 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
Taliane Maria da Silva Teófilo
Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Plant Science Center, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido—UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, P.O. Box 137, Mossoró 59625-900, RN, Brazil
Francisca Daniele da Silva
Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Plant Science Center, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido—UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, P.O. Box 137, Mossoró 59625-900, RN, Brazil
Matheus de Freitas Souza
Department of Agronomy, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil
Ana Beatriz Rocha de Jesus Passos
Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Plant Science Center, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido—UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, P.O. Box 137, Mossoró 59625-900, RN, Brazil
Bruno Caio Chaves Fernandes
Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Plant Science Center, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido—UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, P.O. Box 137, Mossoró 59625-900, RN, Brazil
Hamurábi Anizio Lins
Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1575 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
Paulo Sergio Fernandes das Chagas
Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1575 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
Carolina Malala Martins Souza
Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Plant Science Center, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido—UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, P.O. Box 137, Mossoró 59625-900, RN, Brazil
Ioná Santos Araújo Holanda
Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Plant Science Center, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido—UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, P.O. Box 137, Mossoró 59625-900, RN, Brazil
Daniel Valadão Silva
Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Plant Science Center, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido—UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, P.O. Box 137, Mossoró 59625-900, RN, Brazil
The leaching of herbicides into the soil is essential to control germinating seeds and parts of vegetative weeds. However, herbicide transportation to deeper soil layers can result in groundwater contamination and, consequently, environmental issues. In this research, our objective was to investigate differences in herbicide leaching between commercial formulations and analytical standards using three different soils. Leaching experiments were carried out for diuron, hexazinone, and sulfometuron-methyl herbicides isolated and in binary and ternary mixtures. The herbicide residue quantification was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Diuron had less mobility in soils and was retained in the most superficial layers. Hexazinone and sulfometuron-methyl were more mobile and leached into deeper layers. The leaching process was more intense for hexazinone and sulfometuron-methyl. The additives present in the commercial formulation favored the leaching in soils of diuron, hexazinone, and sulfometuron-methyl herbicides isolated and mixture compared to the analytical standard. This fact highlights the importance of considering these effects for the positioning of herbicides in the field to increase the efficiency of weed control and minimize the potential for environmental contamination.
