Role of Extracellular Vesicle-Based Cell-to-Cell Communication in Multiple Myeloma Progression
Ilaria Saltarella,
Aurelia Lamanuzzi,
Benedetta Apollonio,
Vanessa Desantis,
Giulia Bartoli,
Angelo Vacca,
Maria Antonia Frassanito
Affiliations
Ilaria Saltarella
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Aurelia Lamanuzzi
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Benedetta Apollonio
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Vanessa Desantis
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Giulia Bartoli
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Angelo Vacca
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Maria Antonia Frassanito
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of General Pathology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
Multiple myeloma (MM) progression closely depends on the bidirectional crosstalk between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment, which leads to the creation of a tumor supportive niche. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key players in the pathological interplay between the malignant clone and near/distal bone marrow (BM) cells through their biologically active cargo. Here, we describe the role of EVs derived from MM and BM cells in reprogramming the tumor microenvironment and in fostering bone disease, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, drug resistance, and, ultimately, tumor progression. We also examine the emerging role of EVs as new therapeutic agents for the treatment of MM, and their potential use as clinical biomarkers for early diagnosis, disease classification, and therapy monitoring.
