Secondary hyperparathyroidism in patient with type 2 diabetes and stages 3–4 chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is an early complication of chronic kidney disease, with increasing severity as the glomerular filtration rate decreases and characterized by a progressive increase in parathyroid hormone and growth of the parathyroid glands. It is generally accepted that a deficiency in active form of vitamin D or calcitriol levels seems to play a relevant role in its development and progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism. A reduction in plasma calcitriol levels occurs early in renal disease. Major renal guidelines recommend use of vitamin D for secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease. In the treatment vitamin D receptor activation inhibit glandular hyperplasia; reduce parathyroid hormone levels impact on bone turnover and mineral density. Treatment with calcitriol can occasionally result in hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia in renal patients due promotes intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption. This limits its suitability for the treatment. But next generation vitamin-D analogs such as paricalcitol have lower intestinal absorption of calcium, phosphorous and significantly lowers renin levels, albuminuria and blood pressure. In this article, we present the case of a Caucasian male with type 2 diabetes and secondary hyperparathyroidism in stages 3–4 chronic kidney disease. Our case study shows that in treating for secondary hyperparathyroidisms selective vitamin D receptor activation with paricalcitol reduction of levels parathyroid hormone, albuminuria, offering low chance hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and other side effects.

Keywords

• parathyroid glands
• secondary hyperparathyroidism
• diabetes mellitus
• paricalcitol
• vitamin d receptor activators
• vitamin d
• chronic kidney disease