Strategy and Metrological Support for Indoor Radon Measurements Using Popular Low-Cost Active Monitors with High and Low Sensitivity

Abstract

Traditionally, for indoor radon testing, predominantly passive measurements have been used, typically applying the solid-state alpha track-etch method for long-term and the charcoal method for short-term measurements. However, increasingly, affordable consumer-grade active monitors have become available in the last few years, which can generate a concentration time series of an almost arbitrary duration. Firstly, we argue that consumer-grade monitors can well be used for quality-assured indoor radon assessment and consequent reliable decisions. Secondly, we discuss the requirements of quality assurance, which actually allow for reliable decision-making. In particular, as part of a rational strategy, we discuss how to interpret measurement results from low-cost active monitors with high and low sensitivity with respect to deciding on conformity with reference levels that are the annual average concentration of indoor radon. Rigorous analysis shows that temporal variations in radon are a major component of the uncertainty in decision-making, the reliability of which is practically independent of monitor sensitivity. Manufacturers of low-cost radon monitors already provide sufficient reliability and quality of calibration for their devices, which can be used by both professional inspectors and the general public. Therefore, within the suggested measurement strategy and metrologically assured criteria, we only propose to clarify the set and values of the key metrological characteristics of radon monitors as well as to upgrade user-friendly online tools. By implementing clear metrological requirements as well as the rational measurement strategy for the reliable conformity assessment of a room (building) with radon safety requirements, we anticipate significant reductions in testing costs, increased accessibility, and enhanced quality assurance and control (QA/QC) in indoor radon measurements.

Keywords

• indoor radon
• temporal variation
• continuous radon monitors
• sensitivity
• calibration
• metrology