Comparative Analysis of Infusions and Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Annona muricata</i> Leaves from Colima, Mexico: Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity
Gustavo A. Hernandez-Fuentes,
Osiris G. Delgado-Enciso,
Edgar G. Larios-Cedeño,
Juan M. Sánchez-Galindo,
Silvia G. Ceballos-Magaña,
Kayim Pineda-Urbina,
Mario A. Alcalá-Pérez,
Nancy E. Magaña-Vergara,
Josuel Delgado-Enciso,
Uriel Díaz-Llerenas,
Janet Diaz-Martinez,
Idalia Garza-Veloz,
Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro,
Iram P. Rodriguez-Sanchez,
Ivan Delgado-Enciso
Affiliations
Gustavo A. Hernandez-Fuentes
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
Osiris G. Delgado-Enciso
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
Edgar G. Larios-Cedeño
State Cancerology Institute of Colima, Health Services of the Mexican Social Security Institute for Welfare (IMSS-BIENESTAR), Colima 28085, Mexico
Juan M. Sánchez-Galindo
State Cancerology Institute of Colima, Health Services of the Mexican Social Security Institute for Welfare (IMSS-BIENESTAR), Colima 28085, Mexico
Silvia G. Ceballos-Magaña
Faculty of Sciences, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
Kayim Pineda-Urbina
Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Colima, Coquimatlan 28400, Mexico
Mario A. Alcalá-Pérez
Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
Nancy E. Magaña-Vergara
Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Colima, Coquimatlan 28400, Mexico
Josuel Delgado-Enciso
Foundation for Ethics, Education, and Cancer Research of the State Cancer Institute of Colima AC, Colima 28085, Mexico
Uriel Díaz-Llerenas
Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
Janet Diaz-Martinez
Research Center in Minority Institutions, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University (FIU-RCMI), Miami, FL 33199, USA
Idalia Garza-Veloz
Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
Iram P. Rodriguez-Sanchez
Molecular and Structural Physiology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Mexico
Ivan Delgado-Enciso
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
Background: Annona muricata L. (guanabana) leaves are rich in bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant properties. In the state of Colima, both ethanolic extracts and infusions are traditionally used in folk medicine to address various ailments. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts and infusions of A. muricata leaves from three geographic regions in Colima, Mexico, with a focus on how geographic origin affects their bioactive properties. Methods: Ethanolic extracts and infusions were prepared from A. muricata leaves and analyzed using phytochemical screening; DPPH, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total phenolic content (TPC) measurements; and HPLC. TLC was also conducted to examine the presence of specific compounds, such as flavonoids and phenols. Results: Both the ethanolic extracts and infusions contained significant levels of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. The infusions demonstrated superior antioxidant capacity, with DPPH inhibition values of 72.5%, 68.3%, and 65.1% in the northern, central, and southern regions, respectively, compared to the ethanolic extracts’ values of 50.3%, 48.9%, and 45.0%. HPLC identified quercetin as a major compound across all samples. Geographically, the northern region exhibited higher concentrations of bioactive compounds, particularly total flavonoid content (TFC) and iron-reducing power (FRPA). Conclusions: Both the ethanolic extracts and infusions of A. muricata leaves exhibited significant antioxidant properties, with the infusions showing superior performance. The results suggest that A. muricata infusions may have potential applications in managing oxidative stress-related diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Exploring their use in traditional medicine and employing this type of approach can help discern the metabolite profile responsible for these bioactivities. Geographic factors influence the bioactive profile of the plant, and further research is needed to isolate specific bioactive compounds and elucidate their therapeutic mechanisms.
