Toward the consensus of definitions for the phenomena of antifungal tolerance and persistence in filamentous fungi
Jorge Amich,
Michael Bromley,
Gustavo H. Goldman,
Clara Valero
Affiliations
Jorge Amich
Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
Michael Bromley
Manchester Fungal Infection Group (MFIG), Division of Evolution, Infection, and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Gustavo H. Goldman
Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
Clara Valero
Manchester Fungal Infection Group (MFIG), Division of Evolution, Infection, and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT Antifungal drug tolerance and persistence are being increasingly recognized in fungal pathogens. Accordingly, more and more research is being carried out to characterize and understand these phenomena. However, the terminology and methodology employed in the fungal community lack consensus, particularly for filamentous fungi, as they present further complexities when compared to single-celled microorganisms. Hence, with the aim to ensure consistency in the literature, in this Perspective article, we propose tailored definitions for tolerance and persistence in filamentous fungi and suggest methods to detect and investigate these phenomena in the laboratory.
