Genome-Wide Analysis and Characterization of the Proline-Rich Extensin-like Receptor Kinases (PERKs) Gene Family Reveals Their Role in Different Developmental Stages and Stress Conditions in Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)
Mahipal Singh Kesawat,
Bhagwat Singh Kherawat,
Anupama Singh,
Prajjal Dey,
Snehasish Routray,
Chinmayee Mohapatra,
Debanjana Saha,
Chet Ram,
Kadambot H. M. Siddique,
Ajay Kumar,
Ravi Gupta,
Sang-Min Chung,
Manu Kumar
Affiliations
Mahipal Singh Kesawat
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack 754006, Odisha, India
Bhagwat Singh Kherawat
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bikaner II, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner 334603, Rajasthan, India
Anupama Singh
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack 754006, Odisha, India
Prajjal Dey
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack 754006, Odisha, India
Snehasish Routray
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack 754006, Odisha, India
Chinmayee Mohapatra
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack 754006, Odisha, India
Debanjana Saha
Department of Biotechnology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneshwar 752050, Odisha, India
Chet Ram
ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner 334006, Rajasthan, India
Kadambot H. M. Siddique
The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
Ajay Kumar
Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Department of Postharvest Science, Rishon Lezzion 50250, Israel
Ravi Gupta
College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
Sang-Min Chung
Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Dong-gu, Ilsan, Seoul 10326, Korea
Manu Kumar
Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Dong-gu, Ilsan, Seoul 10326, Korea
Proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases (PERKs) are a class of receptor kinases implicated in multiple cellular processes in plants. However, there is a lack of information on the PERK gene family in wheat. Therefore, we identified 37 PERK genes in wheat to understand their role in various developmental processes and stress conditions. Phylogenetic analysis of PERK genes from Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Glycine max, and T. aestivum grouped them into eight well-defined classes. Furthermore, synteny analysis revealed 275 orthologous gene pairs in B. distachyon, Ae. tauschii, T. dicoccoides, O. sativa and A. thaliana. Ka/Ks values showed that most TaPERK genes, except TaPERK1, TaPERK2, TaPERK17, and TaPERK26, underwent strong purifying selection during evolutionary processes. Several cis-acting regulatory elements, essential for plant growth and development and the response to light, phytohormones, and diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, were predicted in the promoter regions of TaPERK genes. In addition, the expression profile of the TaPERK gene family revealed differential expression of TaPERK genes in various tissues and developmental stages. Furthermore, TaPERK gene expression was induced by various biotic and abiotic stresses. The RT-qPCR analysis also revealed similar results with slight variation. Therefore, this study’s outcome provides valuable information for elucidating the precise functions of TaPERK in developmental processes and diverse stress conditions in wheat.