Assessment of factors affecting the spontaneous passage of lower ureteric calculus on the basis of lower ureteric calculus diameter, density, and plasma C- reactive protein level

Abstract

Introduction: The study aimed to evaluate the factors which affect the spontaneous passage of lower ureteric calculus on the basis of noncontrast computed tomography kidneys, ureters, and bladder (NCCT KUB) stone diameter, stone density, and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) level. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 200 patients with lower ureteric calculus 5–10 mm in size, from October 2015 to December 2016. All patients underwent NCCT KUB region with a 5 mm axial and reformatted coronal section. Edema just above the calculus and rim sign at the level of calculus and density of calculus is evaluated. Only scan with isolated, unilateral, solitary ureteric calculus was included in the final analysis and monitored up to 4 weeks, and plasma CRP is estimated in all patients to determine the clinical outcome. Results: A total of 200 patients (145 males, 55 females; mean age ± standard deviation, 34.73 ± 10.29) were included in the study. Lower ureteric calculus between 5–7 mm passed in 70% and 7–10 mm passed in 40%. There was 18% underestimation of maximum stone diameter in axial plane as compared to coronal plane. For spontaneous passage of calculus, craniocaudal (CC) diameter is more reliable then axial in NCCT. Rim sign and edema is absent in 64% of those passed spontaneous calculus. CRP level more than 2.45 mg/dl has low spontaneous expulsion rate. The stone with different HU passes through the ureter with same rate. Conclusion: Plasma CRP level and CC diameter and absence of rim sign on NCCT KUB are more reliable factors then density for spontaneous passage of ureteric calculus.

Keywords

• Axial and craniocaudal diameter
• C-reactive protein
• Lower ureteric calculus