Identification of cement in atmospheric particulate matter using the hybrid method of laser diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy
Aleksei Kholodov,
Alexander Zakharenko,
Vladimir Drozd,
Valery Chernyshev,
Konstantin Kirichenko,
Ivan Seryodkin,
Alexander Karabtsov,
Svetlana Olesik,
Ekaterina Khvost,
Igor Vakhnyuk,
Vladimir Chaika,
Antonios Stratidakis,
Marco Vinceti,
Dimosthenis Sarigiannis,
A. Wallace Hayes,
Aristidis Tsatsakis,
Kirill Golokhvast
Affiliations
Aleksei Kholodov
Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation; Far East Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr-t 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation; Corresponding author.
Alexander Zakharenko
Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
Vladimir Drozd
Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
Valery Chernyshev
Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
Konstantin Kirichenko
Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
Ivan Seryodkin
Pacific Geographical Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 Radio Street, Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation
Alexander Karabtsov
Far East Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr-t 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
Svetlana Olesik
Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
Ekaterina Khvost
Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
Igor Vakhnyuk
Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
Vladimir Chaika
Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
Antonios Stratidakis
Environmental Health Engineering, University School of Advanced Studies IUSS, Pavia, Italy
Marco Vinceti
Department of Biomedical, Metabolical and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Dimosthenis Sarigiannis
Environmental Health Engineering, University School of Advanced Studies IUSS, Pavia, Italy; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
A. Wallace Hayes
College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
Aristidis Tsatsakis
Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
Kirill Golokhvast
Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation; Pacific Geographical Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 Radio Street, Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation; Federal Research Center N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, Saint-Petersburgh, 190121, Russian Federation
The production of cement is associated with the emissions of dust and particulate matter, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), heavy metals, and volatile organic compounds into the environment. People living near cement production facilities are potentially exposed to these pollutants, including carcinogens, although at lower doses than the factory workers. In this study we focused on the distribution of fine particulate matter, the composition, size patterns, and spatial distribution of the emissions from Spassk cement plant in Primorsky Krai, Russian Federation. The particulate matter was studied in wash-out from vegetation (conifer needles) using a hybrid method of laser diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that fine particulate matter (PM10 fraction) extended to the entire town and its neighbourhood. The percentage of PM10 in different areas of the town and over the course of two seasons ranged from 34.8% to 65% relative to other size fractions of particulate matter. It was further shown that up to 80% of the atmospheric PM content at some sampling points was composed of cement-containing particles. This links the cement production in Spassk-Dalny with overall morbidity of the town population and pollution of the environment.
