Nutrición Hospitalaria (Aug 2006)
La sustitución eucalórica de triglicéridos de cadena larga por triglicéridos de cadena media mejora la composición corporal y el perfil lipídico en un paciente con lipodistrofia asociada al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana Eucaloric substitution of medium chain triglycerides for dietary long chain fatty acids improves body composition and lipid profile in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus lipodystrophy
Abstract
Antecedentes: La lipodistrofia asociada a la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) es una patología frecuente, caracterizada por una pérdida de tejido adiposo en las extremidades, región glútea y cara, junto con un depósito excesivo del mismo en el cuello y abdomen. La coexistencia de dislipemia y diabetes mellitus en la lipodistrofia asociada al VIH es también frecuente, y aumenta el riesgo cardiovascular de los pacientes que la padecen. Aunque hay tratamientos disponibles para las alteraciones metabólicas asociadas, hasta la fecha no existen terapias con un claro beneficio demostrado para la lipodistrofia. Caso clínico: Un paciente de 42 años con lipodistrofia asociada al VIH fue inicialmente tratado con dieta hipocalórica (Background: Lipodystrophy is a frequent disorder among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, characterized by a loss of adipose tissue from the extremities, gluteal region and face, with excess fat in the neck and abdominal region. Metabolic abnormalities such as hyperlipidaemia and diabetes mellitus frequently coexist, posing these patients to an increased cardiovascular risk. Drug therapy may improve some of these metabolic disturbances, but to date there are no treatments for lipodystrophy with proven benefit. Case report: A 42 year old man with HIV lipodystrophy was started on a standard low caloric diet with <30% of total fat and < 10% of saturated fat, together with rosiglitazone 8 mg daily. After five months of treatment, given that lipodystrophic features and dyslipidaemia were still present in our patient, we tried to further improve therapeutic results by eucaloric substitution of medium chain triglycerides for dietary long chain fatty acids. Three months later, a dramatic change in body composition was shown with an increase in lean mass and a decrease in fat mass, together with an improvement in lipid profile. Conclusion: Eucaloric substitution of medium chain triglycerides for dietary long chain fatty acids may produce therapeutic benefits in HIV lipodystrophy.
