Coumarin-Based Derivatives: A Review of Their Synthetic Routes, Reactivity, and Biomedical Attributes

Abstract

Background: Coumarin-based derivatives (Cou-Ds) are one of the most important types of heterocycles, with a wide range of uses in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Cou-Ds have interested researchers due to their wide range of biomedical potential and application as valuable synthetic scaffolds, which have been instrumental in the creation of coumarin chemistry. Cou-Ds are a unique class of bioactive candidates with novel therapeutic attributes due to their bacteriostatic, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, antidepressant, and other pharmacological properties. In addition to their biomedical uses, the literature illustrates the uses of Cou-Ds from a material point of view, such as those in food additives, fragrances, beauty products, optical brighteners, and would disperse fluorescent and laser dyes. Numerous optical purposes using Cou-Ds have been thoroughly investigated. A wide range of natural sources and newly created Cou-Ds are being isolated or produced at a growing rate. The procedures of synthesis and therapeutic uses of Cou-Ds in the treatment of various illnesses were critically found in many published papers. Aim: The aim of this review article is to highlight the most up-to-date information about Cou-Ds and clarify the various natural sources, synthetic strategies, reactions, biological activity, and different pharmaceutical applications of Cou-Ds. Conclusion: From the collected and discussed reviewing information, the authors concluded that the Cou-Ds can open the drug development door for producing more potent, biosafe medicines.

Keywords

• coumarin-based derivative
• synthetic pathways
• biomedical potential
• natural sources
• antimicrobial
• antitumor
• antioxidant