Enabling wind farm to be black-start source by energy storage

Abstract

An energy storage system (ESS) sizing method is proposed to enable wind farm (WF) to be a black-start (BS) source. This method handles three challenges: firstly, ESS has enough power to help WF start up. Secondly, the WF together with ESS is modelled as a virtual synchronous generator (VSG), and its frequency regulation capability is considered when sizing ESS. Thirdly, the power and capacity of ESS are determined so that VSG can deliver the required power during black-start. Instead of using wind speed probability distribution, kernel density estimation is used in this paper to directly estimate the probability distribution characteristics of ESS sizing. Simulation results show that with minimum investment cost on ESS, WF is able to be BS source.

Keywords

• probability
• wind power plants
• frequency control
• energy storage
• synchronous generators
• power generation economics
• investment
• power system control
• power system reliability
• energy storage system sizing method
• black-start source
• virtual synchronous generator
• frequency regulation capability
• wind farm
• wind farm start up
• kernel density estimation
• probability distribution characteristics
• minimum investment cost