Thermal Kinetics of a Lignin-Based Flame Retardant
Xiaoxuan Liang,
Qixiang Hu,
Xu Wang,
Liang Li,
Yuguo Dong,
Chang Sun,
Chengjuan Hu,
Xiaoli Gu
Affiliations
Xiaoxuan Liang
Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Qixiang Hu
Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Xu Wang
Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Liang Li
Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Yuguo Dong
Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Chang Sun
Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Chengjuan Hu
Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Xiaoli Gu
Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
In order to improve the thermal property of epoxy resin (EP), a lignin-based flame retardant was prepared. Focusing on the lignin-based flame retardant, this paper investigates its pyrolysis behavior and kinetics via a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG–FTIR). Based on the FTIR result, which showed a peak at 1222 cm−1, it was assigned a syringyl structure. Its absorption peak intensity was enhanced and this meant that the phenolization of the lignin was successful. Thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) results showed that the carbon residues of F-lignin and F-lignin@APP were reduced to 33.5% and 37.5%, respectively. In addition, the maximum decomposition rate of F-lignin@APP20/EP is 11.8%/min, which is 8%/min and 4.7%/min lower than for EP and Al-lignin, respectively. The char residue of F-lignin@APP20/EP is 32.5%, which is much higher than for EP. Lower decomposition rate and higher char residue indicate the improvement of thermal stability of EP by F-lignin@APP. Moreover, the kinetics of Al-lignin20/EP and F-lignin@APP20/EP were conducted by two kinetic methods: Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS). It was concluded that the pyrolysis process of Al-lignin 20/EP and F-lignin@APP 20/EP could be divided into three stages, while the value and growth rate of the activation energy of F-lignin@APP 20/EP were much higher than that of Al-lignin 20/EP in stage III.
