Heat Treatment and Surface Treatment of Nickel–Titanium Endodontic Instruments

• Sang Won Kwak,
• Sang Won Kwak,
• Ya Shen,
• He Liu,
• He Liu,
• Zhejun Wang,
• Hyeon-Cheol Kim,
• Markus Haapasalo

Affiliations

Sang Won Kwak

Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea

Sang Won Kwak

Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Ya Shen

Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

He Liu

Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

He Liu

Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China

Zhejun Wang

Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Hyeon-Cheol Kim

Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea

Markus Haapasalo

Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada