Pathogens (Feb 2022)
Priority Activities in Child and Adolescent Tuberculosis to Close the Policy-Practice Gap in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
- Karen du Preez,
- Betina Mendez Alcântara Gabardo,
- Sushil K. Kabra,
- Rina Triasih,
- Trisasi Lestari,
- Margaret Kal,
- Bazarragchaa Tsogt,
- Gantsetseg Dorj,
- Enkhtsetseg Purev,
- Thu Anh Nguyen,
- Lenny Naidoo,
- Lindiwe Mvusi,
- Hendrik Simon Schaaf,
- Anneke C. Hesseling,
- Andrea Maciel de Oliveira Rossoni,
- Anna Cristina Calçada Carvalho,
- Claudete Aparecida Araújo Cardoso,
- Clemax Couto Sant’Anna,
- Danielle Gomes Dell’ Orti,
- Fernanda Dockhorn Costa,
- Liliana Romero Vega,
- Maria de Fátima Pombo Sant’Anna,
- Nguyen Binh Hoa,
- Phan Huu Phuc,
- Attannon Arnauld Fiogbe,
- Dissou Affolabi,
- Gisèle Badoum,
- Abdoul Risgou Ouédraogo,
- Tandaogo Saouadogo,
- Adjima Combary,
- Albert Kuate Kuate,
- Bisso Ngono Annie Prudence,
- Aboubakar Sidiki Magassouba,
- Adama Marie Bangoura,
- Alphazazi Soumana,
- Georges Hermana,
- Hervé Gando,
- Nafissatou Fall,
- Barnabé Gning,
- Mohammed Fall Dogo,
- Olivia Mbitikon,
- Manon Deffense,
- Kevin Zimba,
- Chishala Chabala,
- Moorine Penninah Sekadde,
- Henry Luzze,
- Stavia Turyahabwe,
- John Paul Dongo,
- Constantino Lopes,
- Milena dos Santos,
- Joshua Reginald Francis,
- Magnolia Arango-Loboguerrero,
- Carlos M. Perez-Velez,
- Kobto Ghislain Koura,
- Stephen M. Graham
Affiliations
- Karen du Preez
- Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Center, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
- Betina Mendez Alcântara Gabardo
- Pediatric Tuberculosis Working Group, Ministry of Health, Brasilia 70304-008, Brazil
- Sushil K. Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
- Rina Triasih
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Trisasi Lestari
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Margaret Kal
- National Department of Health, Port Moresby 131, Papua New Guinea
- Bazarragchaa Tsogt
- Mongolian Coalition Against Tuberculosis, Ulaanbaatar 210648, Mongolia
- Gantsetseg Dorj
- Tuberculosis Surveillance and Research Department, National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar 210648, Mongolia
- Enkhtsetseg Purev
- Tuberculosis Clinic, National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar 210648, Mongolia
- Thu Anh Nguyen
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
- Lenny Naidoo
- Health Department, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
- Lindiwe Mvusi
- National TB Control & Management Cluster, National Department of Health, Pretoria 0187, South Africa
- Hendrik Simon Schaaf
- Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Center, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
- Anneke C. Hesseling
- Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Center, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
- Andrea Maciel de Oliveira Rossoni
- Pediatric Tuberculosis Working Group, Ministry of Health, Brasilia 70304-008, Brazil
- Anna Cristina Calçada Carvalho
- Pediatric Tuberculosis Working Group, Ministry of Health, Brasilia 70304-008, Brazil
- Claudete Aparecida Araújo Cardoso
- Pediatric Tuberculosis Working Group, Ministry of Health, Brasilia 70304-008, Brazil
- Clemax Couto Sant’Anna
- Pediatric Tuberculosis Working Group, Ministry of Health, Brasilia 70304-008, Brazil
- Danielle Gomes Dell’ Orti
- Pediatric Tuberculosis Working Group, Ministry of Health, Brasilia 70304-008, Brazil
- Fernanda Dockhorn Costa
- Pediatric Tuberculosis Working Group, Ministry of Health, Brasilia 70304-008, Brazil
- Liliana Romero Vega
- Pediatric Tuberculosis Working Group, Ministry of Health, Brasilia 70304-008, Brazil
- Maria de Fátima Pombo Sant’Anna
- Pediatric Tuberculosis Working Group, Ministry of Health, Brasilia 70304-008, Brazil
- Nguyen Binh Hoa
- National Tuberculosis Program, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
- Phan Huu Phuc
- National Pediatric Hospital, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
- Attannon Arnauld Fiogbe
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France
- Dissou Affolabi
- National Tuberculosis Program, Cotonou 03 BP 2819, Benin
- Gisèle Badoum
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France
- Abdoul Risgou Ouédraogo
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France
- Tandaogo Saouadogo
- Ministry of Health National Tuberculosis Program, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7047, Burkina Faso
- Adjima Combary
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France
- Albert Kuate Kuate
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France
- Bisso Ngono Annie Prudence
- National Tuberculosis Program, Yaoundé BP 6000, Cameroon
- Aboubakar Sidiki Magassouba
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France
- Adama Marie Bangoura
- National Tuberculosis Program, Conakry 63570, Guinea
- Alphazazi Soumana
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France
- Georges Hermana
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France
- Hervé Gando
- National Tuberculosis Program, Bangui BP 729, Central African Republic
- Nafissatou Fall
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France
- Barnabé Gning
- National Tuberculosis Program, Dakar 12000, Senegal
- Mohammed Fall Dogo
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France
- Olivia Mbitikon
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France
- Manon Deffense
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France
- Kevin Zimba
- Lusaka Provincial Health Office, Ministry of Health, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Chishala Chabala
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Moorine Penninah Sekadde
- National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program, Kampala 7025, Uganda
- Henry Luzze
- National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program, Kampala 7025, Uganda
- Stavia Turyahabwe
- National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program, Kampala 7025, Uganda
- John Paul Dongo
- The Union Uganda Office, Kampala 7025, Uganda
- Constantino Lopes
- National Tuberculosis Program, Ministerio da Saude, Dili NM 87109, Timor-Leste
- Milena dos Santos
- Hospital Nacional Guido Valadares, Ministerio da Saude, Dili NM 87109, Timor-Leste
- Joshua Reginald Francis
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia
- Magnolia Arango-Loboguerrero
- Colombian Association of Pediatric Pulmonology, National University of Colombia, Bogota 500001, Colombia
- Carlos M. Perez-Velez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Kobto Ghislain Koura
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France
- Stephen M. Graham
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020196
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 11,
no. 2
p. 196
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, and despite many difficulties, significant progress has been made to advance child and adolescent tuberculosis (TB) care. Despite increasing availability of safe and effective treatment and prevention options, TB remains a global health priority as a major cause of child and adolescent morbidity and mortality—over one and a half million children and adolescents develop TB each year. A history of the global public health perspective on child and adolescent TB is followed by 12 narratives detailing challenges and progress in 19 TB endemic low and middle-income countries. Overarching challenges include: under-detection and under-reporting of child and adolescent TB; poor implementation and reporting of contact investigation and TB preventive treatment services; the need for health systems strengthening to deliver effective, decentralized services; and lack of integration between TB programs and child health services. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on case detection and treatment outcomes. Child and adolescent TB working groups can address country-specific challenges to close the policy–practice gaps by developing and supporting decentral ized models of care, strengthening clinical and laboratory diagnosis, including of multidrug-resistant TB, providing recommended options for treatment of disease and infection, and forging strong collaborations across relevant health sectors.
Keywords
