Isolated bacterias and their antimicrobial resistances in a pediatric intensive care unit. 2010-2013

Abstract

Introduction: In spite of having new methods of diagnosis, antimicrobial of last generation and more new treatments for the infectious diseases, morbidity and mortality from sepsis are still high. Objective: To characterize the isolated bacteria and antimicrobial resistance. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study in the Intensive Care Unit of “José Luis Miranda” Hospital in the period from 2010 to 2013. Variables were analized: types of samples, isolated microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance. Results: The gram-positive cocci predominated with 38.53% (183/475), followed by non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli 34.94% (166/475) and enterobacterias 26.53% (126/475). The most isolated microorganisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 55.42%, 46.0% coagulase-negative staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus 37.7%, Escherichia coli 38.1%, Klebsiella spp. 23.8% Acinetobacter spp. 20.48%. Approximately half of Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to methicillin, but sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and gentamicin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed low resistance to all antimicrobials tested, while Acinetobacter spp. presented high resistance to cephalosporins of third-generation. High strength was obtained in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. except meropenem and amikacin. Discussion: Diversity of microorganisms present in the types of samples analyzed was demonstrated, with predominance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, negative coagulase Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. The resistance was high in all isolated microorganisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to families of proved antimicrobials, but with wide sensitivity to carbapenems.

Keywords

• aislamiento reproductivo
• farmacorresistencia bacteriana