Liquid embolic agents for interventional embolization
Yonghe Jiang,
Yang Zhang,
Zhixiang Lu,
Xiaoyong Wang,
Shuang Bai,
Yulun Chen,
Jingsong Mao,
Gang Liu
Affiliations
Yonghe Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
Yang Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
Zhixiang Lu
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
Xiaoyong Wang
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
Shuang Bai
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
Yulun Chen
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
Jingsong Mao
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Corresponding authors.
Gang Liu
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Corresponding authors.
Minimally invasive interventional embolization has tremendous advantages over conventional surgery in the treatment of vascular diseases and malignant tumors. Particularly, liquid embolic agents have garnered much attention owing to their properties of deep vascular penetration and full occlusion of vasculature independent of thrombus formation, which relies on the patient's coagulation system. Despite their drawbacks, traditional liquid embolic agents, such as lipiodol, N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate, and Onyx, have benefited numerous patients. The original liquid embolic agents have been modified and optimized, and novel liquid embolic agents have also been developed using different strategies and mechanisms. This minireview provides a brief overview of liquid embolic agents, including approved and potential ones. Challenges, prospects, and rational design guidelines are also discussed. This review may spark interest in liquid embolic agents and open new avenues for the smart design of improved embolic agents in the development of personalized and precision medicine.
