A study evaluating the risk factors and different treatment modalities for osteoporosis

Abstract

Osteoporosis, a condition that primarily affects postmenopausal women and senior adults, presents a substantial public health dilemma despite its subtle manifestations. It is frequently dubbed the "silent disease of the twenty-first century." Osteoporosis is characterised by an imbalance in bone resorption and formation. The study was conducted over the course of one year in a 300-bed hospital, involving 150 patients. Individuals between the ages of 51 and 60 have an increased risk of developing osteoporosis and osteopenia, according to this study. In comparison with males, osteoporosis predominantly impacts women. Low bone mineral density among low-income populations as a result of inadequate nutrition, a high incidence of osteopenia and osteoporosis among postmenopausal women, and vitamin D deficiency among people living in cities are all contributory factors to the prevalence of osteoporosis in India. According to estimates, a considerable proportion of individuals in India suffer from osteoporosis and hip fractures at an earlier stage than in Western nations. We used the WHO's FRAX online instrument to ascertain the risk of fracture in this study. The management of this condition encompasses a wide range of aspects. For both men and women, pharmacological treatments such as denosumab, risedronate, alendronate, zoledronic acid, and bisphosphonates are among the treatment options for osteoporosis. In addition, nonpharmacological approaches to management are advised, including weight-bearing exercise, nicotine cessation, adequate calcium and vitamin D consumption, and fall prevention techniques. Individualised treatment options should be made based on risk-benefit analysis, patient preferences, fracture risk profile, and cost. The primary objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive examination of the existing diagnostic techniques, therapeutic approaches, and potential lifestyle modifications for osteoporosis.

Keywords

• alendronate
• bone density
• denosumab
• lifestyle habits
• postmenopausal women
• risedronate
• zoledronic acid