Impact of active and passive control of nanoparticles in ternary nanofluids across a rotating sphere

Abstract

The anticipation around future technologies has sparked a keen interest in the study of fluid flows, which include the intricate interplay of several aspects. The design of rotating machinery, cooling of rotating machinery parts, and fiber coating, among other applications, have all given practical importance to the issue of fluid flow from rotating surfaces. This study examines the behavior of a ternary nanofluid over a rotating sphere. Combining Tiwari and Das’s model with Buongiorno’s model is considered for the flow model. When combined with the condition of non-zero normal flux, the zero normal flux of nanoparticles at the surface aims to push the particles away from the surface. Boundary layer equations are used to formulate the physical flow problem, and after that, by using the appropriate variables, these equations are transformed into dimensionless forms. Additionally, mathematical computation software helps in obtaining a numerical solution. Utilizing graphs, it has been determined how different physical flow parameters affect the profiles of velocity, temperature, and concentration. Further, the wall’s heat and mass transfer rates and the skin friction coefficient are graphically assessed and discussed. The outcomes show that increasing acceleration and rotational parameters increases primary velocity and surface drag force while decreasing secondary velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. The concentration is reduced by Brownian and Schmidt's numbers while increasing for thermophoresis constraint. In both active and passive management of nanoparticles, the mass distribution rate improves for thermophoresis and Brownian parameters. Solid volume fraction improves the thermal distribution while declines the concentration.

Keywords

• Ternary nanofluid
• Rotating sphere
• Buongiorno’s model
• Passive control of nanoparticles