Epidemiological study of genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow in Haemonchus species affecting domestic ruminants in Egypt

Abstract

Abstract Background Haemonchosis is a major parasitic disease in Egyptian sheep industry and its effect on production, animal wellbeing, and welfare is likely to increase. The present study recorded Haemonchus spp. hereditary diversity and population structure among various animal hosts by amplification and sequencing of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene distinguished at 709 base pair (bp) which have been submitted in GenBank with accession numbers (KT826575, KT826574, KT826573, and KT826572) for sheep, goats, cattle, and camels, individually. Results The main identity percent was 93.5% among sheep and goat isolates with divergence percent of 4.4%. The most reduced identity percent was 80.2% among sheep and camel isolates with divergence percent of 21.9%. The phylogenetic tree indicated clustering of sheep, goats, and cattle isolates which proved that high rates of gene flow among population and in between various ruminant hosts are existing as a result of intensively managed flocks. In contrast, Haemonchus longistipes (H. longistipes) confined from Egyptian camels indicated little homology with Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) and was the hereditarily most distinct taxa without clustering with different hosts in phylogenetic analysis. The COI haplotypes from Egypt that were contrasted with Haemonchus isolates from different countries to elucidate the population structure revealed that our isolates indicated most elevated identity with Haemonchus isolated from Pakistan. Conclusions These results can be figured out as a part of a new control approach for haemonchosis incorporating and respecting ecological trends. This work is the principal focus at the molecular level which demonstrated that H. longistipes is Haemonchus spp. of Egyptian camels.

Keywords

• Haemonchus
• Genetic diversity
• Gene flow
• COI
• Ruminants
• H. Longistipes